Traditional Bukusu music and dance have suffered an authenticity crisis since the 20th century. This, we found out, has been as a result of globalization that has seen the adaptation and appropriation of Bukusu folk melodies and dance styles. Of significant influence on Bukusu music and dance have been the activities of colonialists, acculturation and the post- colonial socio-economic, political and cultural dynamics. Innovation and advances in media technology have also greatly impacted on Bukusu music and dance. This research established that blending of Bukusu traditional music and dance with foreign musical cultures has had profound effect on the former giving rise to a new genre of music and dance in the community. This study was necessitated by the fact that previous research works on Bukusu music and dance were anthropological and not historical. Through the use of in-depth interviews, content analysis of recorded music and observation of dance and music activities among Babukusu, we show how, when and why the function, form, presentation and performance of Bukusu birth, circumcision, marriage and death music and dance have been changing in the period 1900- 2012. The interviewees included local musicians, funeral orators, teachers of Oral Literature and Music, Bungoma County Director of Culture and Bukusu music programmes producers on radio. The period 1900 to 2012 was appropriate for this study because it was characterized by varying socio-cultural, political, economic and technological environments, all of which have influenced Bukusu music and dance. Continuity in aspects of Bukusu music and dance from 1900 to 2012 is discussed as well as the abandonment of some musical practices in the community. This study was guided by three theories:- diffusion, social learning and syncretism. Diffusionists believe that cultural traits move from one society to another through migration, trade, war or other contacts. The social learning theory acknowledges that people learn from one another through observation, imitation and modelling. It was used to explain the imitation of other music cultures by some Bukusu musicians. This study found out that indeed Bukusu music and dance have been changing over time due to the community’s interaction with and learning from foreigners. Syncretism was used to explain the impact of blending Bukusu musical traditions with exogenous ones. Change in Bukusu musical culture, we established, has also been due to the dynamism in the socio-political environments in which it is performed. However, some aspects of it were found not to have changed.

The goal of the study was to determine how waste collection services in Kampala City's Nakawa Division relate to operational effectiveness and efficiency. The research problem was that many stakeholders have been complaining about the quality of waste collection services in Kampala as evidenced by the skips along the streets and in KCCA markets within Nakawa Division such as at Nakawa, Ntinda, Naguru and Kitintale markets. There have been increasing complaints on waste collection, which shows dissatisfaction with the waste management services. The objectives of the study were to examine the level of waste collection services in Nakawa Division, to examine the relationship between operational efficiency and waste collection services in Nakawa Division and to examine the relationship between operational effectiveness and domestic waste collection services in Nakawa Division. The quantitative data-driven study employed a cross-sectional design. The population comprised of 84,242 households of which 384 were selected from the various parishes in Nakawa division. A questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents who were selected using a simple random sampling method. Findings show that there is a problem with quality of services to collect garbage in Nakawa Division. More to that there is a positive significant relationship between operational efficiency and waste collection services (r=.640, p<.01), and there is a positive significant relationship between operational effectiveness and waste collection services (r=.502, p<.01). It was recommended that the management of KCCA needs to make it a priority, and to completely overhaul the garbage collection service in Kampala City. There is need to lobby for additional funding from the central government to the garbage collection service sector, mass sensitization efforts on garbage collection and management should be launched by KCCA, an internal survey of customer complaints needs to be undertaken and that KCCA should review all subcontracts it has with garbage collection firms.

Human resources are the most important among all the resources an organization owns. To retain efficient and experienced workforce in an organization is very crucial in the overall performance of an organization. Motivated employees can help make an organization competitively more value added and profitable Rewards management always plays an important role in organization’s growth and better performance. The present study is an attempt to find out the major factors that motivate employees and it tells and examines the role of reward management towards job satisfaction and performance, using the case of Temeke Municipal Council. The data was collected from employees in eight departments of the council. In all, 150 self-administered questionnaires were distributed among the employees of 120 questionnaires were returned duly completed at a response rate of 88%. Participation in the survey was voluntary and confidentiality of respondents was ensured. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect data. Results showed positive trends in all variables. Extrinsic and intrinsic rewards appeared to be more important when employee’s job satisfaction and performance were evaluated. The results of regression analysis showed that job satisfaction and performance was more dependent on extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. The statistical analysis showed that different dimensions of work motivation and satisfaction were significantly correlated and rewards and recognition had great impact on motivation of employees. Implications of the study for leaders and policy makers in the context of human resource practices have been discussed. Limitations and guidelines for future research have also been provided.

The success of any organization in the long run depends very much on the satisfaction of its humanresources. This is especially true in the service oriented industry like banks. Among others, promotion is one of the main variables that contribute to satisfaction of employees.The purpose of this thesistherefore was to evaluate the effects of promotion practice on job satisfaction using Dashen Bank S.C. as a case study. The study used both primary and secondary sources of data. Quantitativeresearch approach was implemented and330 questionnaires were distributed out of which 312 of them were returned. Multi stage sampling method was used first by convenience sampling and then by applying simple random sampling employees was selectedfrom stratum. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.0using explanatory research method and data was analyzed using correlation and regression. The correlation analysis indicates positive relationship between the independent variables (perception of promotion and promotion opportunities)and the dependent variable (Job satisfaction) and negative relationship with the independent variable (Promotion expectation) and dependent variable (Job satisfaction). The result of the regression indicates that the independent variables have accounted for 44.5% of variance on the dependent variable. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommends the bank to keep constant review perception of promotion, promotion opportunities and promotion expectation to identify their effects on employee’s job satisfaction regularly. Key words: Promotion practice, Job satisfaction.Promotion practice perception, Promotion opportunities, Promotion expectation.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of factors like; level of education of parents, family income and parents’ marital status on the performance of pupils in primary schools in Paidha Town Council with a view of recommending on how to improve pupils’ performance. The study was conducted in that particular area because in the past five years, pupils’ performance in the schools has been alarmingly deteriorating. Specifically, the study was intended to achieve the following objectives: (1) to investigate the influence of level of education of parents on performance of pupils in primary schools in Paidha Town Council; (2) to investigate the influence of family income on performance of pupils in primary schools in Paidha Town Council; and (3) to establish the influence of parents’ marital status on performance of pupils in primary schools in Paidha Town Council. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. Quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection were employed. A total of 404 respondents constituted the sample of the study. These included eight headteachers, 80 parents, 40 teachers and 276 pupils (Primary Six and Seven) from the eight schools (Oturgang Boys’, Oturgang Girls’, Paidha Demonstration, Paidha Model, Mvugu Upper, Mvugu Lower, Nguthe and Cana primary schools. The researcher used four types of research instruments: namely questionnaires, interviews, observation and nominal group discussion. The results revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between the level of education of parents and pupils’ performance; two, that there was no relationship between family income and pupils’ performance, and thirdly, that there was no relationship between parents’ marital status and pupils’ performance. The conclusions were that level of education of parents of pupils in the said schools led to low performance of pupils in primary schools in Paidha Town Council but level of family income and parents’ marital status had nothing to do with pupils’ performance in the said schools. The recommendation was that parents in Paidha Town Council need to improve on their level of education so as to improve pupils’ performance in schools.

Introduction: This study was part of studies aimed at assess risk factors associated with low birth weight among teenage mothers at Buwambo Health Centre IV with the purpose to generate possible interventions to reduce on Low birth weight. This study aimed at establishing the knowledge, attitude and practices associated with low birth weight among teenage mothers at Buwambo Health Centre IV Methodology: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional study design and employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection. This was a cross sectional study design that used quantitative methodology on a sample of 30 teen mothers who delivered low birth weight babies who were purposively selected to participate in the study. A questionnaire was designed. Data was analysed manually and presented using percentages, figures and tables. Results: The findings of this study revealed that, (93%) were females, (60%) were in the age bracket of 16 years – 19 year, (53%) attained the primary level of education, (87%) were not married, and (77%) were unemployed. The study demonstrated prevalence of low birth weight babies was 100% among women attending at Buwambo Health Centre IV ; maternal morbidity factors: maternal illness during pregnancy (97%); maternal nutritional factors: pregnant mothers having less than 2 meals a day (63%) and lack of folic acid supplement during pregnancy (67%). Conclusion: This study was conducted at the OPD clinic of Buwambo Health Centre IV and the findings of this study revealed prevalence of low birth weight babies was 100% among women attending at Buwambo Health Centre IV (100%); maternal morbidity factors: maternal illness during pregnancy; maternal nutritional factors: pregnant mothers having less than 2 meals a day and lack of folic acid supplement during pregnancy.

This is a study whose aim was to establish the nature and causes of examination malpractices in selected secondary schools in Kitwe District. The Examination Council of Zambia has placed a high premium on examinations. Despite the high premium placed on examinations, examination malpractice are still on the increase. The aim of the study was to bring out the nature and causes of examination malpractice. A descriptive design was used. Data collection included the use of in- depth interviews with an education standards officer at DEBS office and school managers while focus group discussions were used for learners. Questionnaires were also used for teachers and learners. The sample for the study was one hundred and forty eight ( 148 ) which was disaggregated as follows; one hundred and twelve ( 112) grade twelve learners, twenty eight ( 28 ) teachers, seven ( 7 ) school managers and one ( 1 ) education standards officer ( ESO ) from Kitwe district. Quantitative data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) while qualitative data was analysed thematically. The study revealed that the nature of examination malpractice includes; leakage, impersonation, taking foreign material into the examination room, collusion, body writing or tattooing, hiding material in washrooms, taking in already answered scripts and replacing them with the answer script given to them, giraffing and text messages and borrowing of stored material using cell phones. This study highlights the reasons for examination malpractice which includes learners desire to pass the examinations , lack of confidence, fear of failure, worry of failing to get a certificate, the emphasis on obtaining a certificate to get a job, improper guidance by teachers to face examinations, frequent absenteeism and laziness. Generally, the study revealed that both boys and girls engage themselves in examination malpractices because they all want to pass. Notably, both government and private schools engage themselves in examination malpractice. Furthermore, the study also revealed that learners from both high socio- economic background and low socio- economic background engage in examination malpractice. In order to address examination malpractice, it was recommended that schools should conduct intensified sensitisation to both teachers and learners. It was also recommended that the Ministry of Education, Science, Vocational Training and Early Education (MESVTEE) through the standards officers and school managers should intensify monitoring in order to ensure quality delivery of lessons so as to develop confidence in learners and also ensure that school based continuing professional development (SB- CPD) is enhanced so that teachers share knowledge on how to teach the seemingly challenging topics. This should be done to help learners understand what they are learning and in the end develop confidence for them to write examinations. The other recommendations included staff and student awareness campaigns and workshops to highlight the importance of the integrity of the education system and also to stiffen and enforce security policies.

Background TB and HIV remain the major health problem in Uganda. HIV is the leading risk after for the development of TB and TB is the leading cause of death in people with HIV/AIDS with the prevalenceof7.3% and approximated 50-60%of TB patients co-infected with HIV. The purpose of this study was to compile a report on the prevalence of pulmonary TB in HIV sero-positive patients attending ART clinic at Entebbe grade B hospital. . Methods: across sectional study was used for all males and female of any age attending Entebbe grade B hospital. Results among the 200 HIV sero-positive patients interviewed, 14% were co-infected with TB and among them,64% were males and 36% were females. Patients having a low CD4 below 250 were highly pre disposed to TB with 23% followed by smoking with16%.Patients with drenching night sweats had the highest percentage of smear positive with43% followed by cough with 28%. Conclusion since the increase in HIV infection rate leads to increase in TB disease, there is need to re-examine the strategies for their control, the development of programs with an integrated approach to inducing behavioral change and promoting condom use may reduce the infectivity of HIV transmitters and the susceptibility of HIV exposed persons. Recommendation all patients attending HIV clinic should be assessed and tested for TB .HIV and TB mass awareness campaigns among people. This should be done at community level as part of primary health care.

Objective: To establish factors contributing to non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV infected clients attending ART clinic at Ndejje Health Centre IV. Method: This was a descriptive cross sectional study design involving 133 HIV infected respondents on ART. Respondents were sampled via systematic random method after acquisition of verbal consent. Data was collected using a semi structured and pre-coded researcher administered questionnaire. Data was entered in Epi-data v3.1 and then exported to Epi-Info v3.3.1 for statistical analysis at 95% confidence level using chi-square tests, fisher’s exact test and logistic regression analysis. Results were presented in a tabular and graphical form. Probability values less than 0.05 were considered statistically important Results: 53.4% of the respondents were females, 52.6% were of the age group 40-59 years, 50.4% were married, and37.6% had attained primary level of education. Only 63% of the respondents ‟were adherent to the prescribed ARVs. The most commonly cited factors for nona dherence to ART by the respondents were: long waiting hour sintheclinic14.3%, patient health worker relationship 9.1%, financial constraints, distance, & transport cost 8.3%, loosing appointments card5. 3%, 4.5% side effects of the drugs and patient health worker ratio. At bivariate level of analysis, tendency for respondents of or get medications wallowing (p<0,001), ARV related side effects (p=0.002), service pro-viderattitude (p=0.004) and routine HIV counseling (p=0.008) were significantly correlated with adherence. However, via multiple logistic regression analysis, forgetting to take ARVs (adjusted OR=42,95%CI:5-348,p<0.001)and experience of ARV related side effects(adjusted OR=4,95%CI: 1-12, p=0.01) were powerfully and significantly associated with non-adherence to ART. Conclusion: ARV related toxicities/side effects and patient tendency to forget medication swallowing remarkably accounted for non-adherence to ART among clients seeking comprehensive HIV care at ART clinic of Ndejje health centre iv Recommendation: Early detection, diagnosis and appropriate management of patient related ART side effects in combination with new treatment reminder strategies are highly required for patient ART adherence.