The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of devolution on public service delivery in Samburu County. The study was guided by three research questions namely: what is the influence of devolution on effective service delivery in Samburu County? What is the influence of devolved public services on effective service delivery in Samburu County? what is the influence of citizen participation on effective service delivery in Samburu County? and finally, what is the influence of self-governance on effective service delivery in Samburu County? This study used quantitative research methods, while the population constituted county executive, county assembly and village units. Two-step sampling technique was applied starting with stratified sampling followed by simple random sampling to identify the sample units. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. Data collected was analyzed to obtain both descriptive and inferential statistics. To test the significance of the influence the independent variables on the dependent variable, hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study show that devolution has significantly impacted effectiveness on service delivery in Samburu County (F(1, 102) = 81.384, p <.000), and that citizen participation significantly predicts effective public service delivery in Samburu County (F(1, 102) = 52.25, p <.000). Further, that a unit increase in citizen participation leads to an increase in effective selfgovernance as enshrined in the constitution has had positive influence on service delivery. It is inferred that devolution has continued to effectiveness in service delivery through self-governance by involving locals in service needs albert some deficiency in skills set and knowledge. The study recommends that devolution should be sustained and that the government of Samburu County should continue to involve the locals, while enhancing their skills in project management, planning and budgeting. In doing this, the county government should embrace decentralized planning approaches, while embracing public private partnership wherein all stakeholders that provide services to the county government are involved. This way all stakeholders will be obligated to be effective partners in the service delivery to the benefit all residents which will not only enhance effectiveness in service delivery but all efficiency in the delivery

Katika tasnifu hii, tumeshughulikia tamaa na athari zake katika jamii: ulinganishi wa Ua la Faraja ya W. E. Mkufya (2008) na Paradiso ya J. Habwe (2014). Tumetumia nadharia ya maadili kuhakiki kazi hizi. Tasnifu hii yetu ina sura tano. Katika sura ya kwanza, tumeeleza sehemu kama usuli wa utafiti, sababu za kushughulikia mada hii, upeo na mipaka ya utafiti, maswali ya utafitii, malengo ya utafiti, tatizo la utafiti, yaliyoandikwa kuhusu mada, nadharia ya maadili iliyotumiwa kuhakiki kazi hizi na mbinu za utafiti. Katika sura ya pili, tumeshughulikia lengo la kwanza, namna dhamira ya tamaa imekuzwa na kuendelezwa katika riwaya hizi Katika sura ya tatu tumebainisha athari zinazotokana na tamaa na ambazo zinaikumba jamii katika kazi hizi mbili. Vilevile, katika sura ya nne, tumebainisha ushauri uliopendekezwa katika riwaya zote mbili ili kukabiliana na tamaa na athari zake katika jamii. Sura ya tano inaeleza kuhusu matokeo ya utafiti pamoja na mapendekezo kuhusu utafiti huu. Mwisho kuna marejeleo ya utafiti huu

The Kenyan government has set 2022 as the timeframe for abolishing female genital mutilation across the country. The findings of this study might be used to improve existing communication approaches, therefore supporting policymakers and other interested parties in achieving this goal. This research aimed to see how effective participatory communication was in the Marakwet community's effort to end female genital mutilation (FGM). The study's overarching goals were to (1) identify the participatory communication techniques used in the fight against female genital mutilation (FGM), (2) examine the implementation of these approaches, and (3) identify the obstacles encountered by the participatory communication techniques used in the fight against FGM. The purpose of this study was to undertake descriptive research using the notion of citizen involvement as a guide. Three hundred ninety-four respondents and 4 key informants were used to collect primary data from a total population of 97,041, including Marakwet East Sub County, where female genital mutilation (FGM) is still prevalent. A simple random sample was used to collect data from neighbourhood residents, while selective sampling was used to get data from the four informants. We distributed questionnaires and conducted in-person interviews to collect important data. The study's findings were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches and SPSS. Community dialogues, education and training, empowerment, community mobilization, and advocacy were identified as the five most effective modalities of participatory action utilized by the Marakwet community to address female genital mutilation (FGM). Furthermore, competence development promotes social cohesion. This leads to entertainment education via school clubs, music and theatre festivals, door-to-door campaigns, sensitization conferences, outreach initiatives through roadshows, and social mobilization, all to capture the public's attention. The approaches were also helpful in various other areas, such as environmental preservation, peace promotion, various health initiatives (such as eradicating HIV/AIDS and other illnesses like Malaria), and the reduction of cattle rustling. In the fight against female genital mutilation (FGM), there was a contradiction since many community members, especially males, thought that certain participation strategies did not ultimately involve them and that all efforts were focused on girls and women rather than boys and men. As a result of the research, it was advised that the government conduct training and sensitizations for the elderly, both men and women, about the need to quit the habit and focusing on other vital activities. It was also suggested that the national government, chiefs, and village officials meet regularly to discuss FGM and other region-specific issues.

Gated communities have emerged to be the preferred residential choice for many home buyers both globally and locally. These communities provide safety, privacy, and prestige to the residents due to their enhanced security and logistical management systems. The prevailing global economic circumstances coupled with changing career dynamics such as economic restructuring, international terrorism, crime, and immigration have been central in identifying residential areas for most people. This study focused on determining the strategies used by gated communities to enhance residential security in Kitengela Township. The specific objectives of the study were; to establish the reasons why people prefer to reside in gated communities within Kitengela Township, to determine how the security control features used by the gated communities help in enhancing residential security within Kitengela Township, to establish how the use of private security guards helps in enhancing residential security within Kitengela Township, and to identify some of the key challenges faced by gated communities in their efforts to enhance residential security within Kitengela Township. The study adopted the defensible space theory. The research applied a multistage sampling procedure and proportionate stratified random sampling technique to select four gated communities in Kitengela Township and a sample size of 97 consisting of 95 residents, 1 Police Commander of Kitengela Police station and 1 area chief. The research used an interview guide and a questionnaire to collect data from the respondents with the help of two research assistants. Quantitative analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 and excel softwares while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Quantitative results were presented by the use of charts, graphs and tables in percentages, mean and standard deviation while qualitative presented in report form. The study finding revealed that the strategies used by the gated community to enhance residents’ security within Kitengela Township have significantly improved the level of security in the area. It recommends gated community leaders to follow up with the security officers and the hired guarding company to ensure the discussed strategies to improve the security of the residents are implemented in time.

One of the immerging issue relates to how vocational entrepreneurial training affects the success of enterprises. An investigation of the link between vocational entrepreneurial training and the success enterprises owned by youths in Kasarani formed the basis of this research project. In so doing, the study succeeded in answering the question: How does integrating entrepreneurial studies in vocational training impact success of youth-owned enterprises in Kasarani? A literature review focused on defining and explaining pertinent issues in youth-owned enterprises and vocational entrepreneurial training. A descriptive design was employed. The study targeted technical enterprises operated/owned by youth in Kasarani sub-county. A sample of 30 respondents was utilized. The study disclosed that vocational entrepreneurial training positively impacts the performance youth-owned technical enterprises.

This research sought to assess the part that participatory communication had on KenGen's relocation in Olkaria. The study's goals were to: 1. ascertain the degree to which participatory communication was utilized throughout the project cycle; 2. determine the degree to which the local community participated during the whole project cycle; in addition, 3. to identify the challenges that impeded the practical usage of participatory communication in the resettlement process. The study targeted a population of 1200 people relocated by KenGen in Olkaria. Data was collected from a selected sample size. Key informants from like community liaison staff from the company and local administrators were engaged in the study. On methodology, the work employed an assorted research strategy method, using qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The data collection instruments were questionnaires and interviews. Simple random sampling and purposive census sampling methods helped to get the participants for the study. While qualitative data was presented in narrative form, quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive indicators. Thisstudy concluded that participatory communication played a key role in the successful relocation and resettlement project by KenGen in Olkaria. This study recommends capacity building for the local communities through civic education to enhance their participation in future projects. It also recommends mentorship and investment in education through scholarships and adult literacy learning programs to improve literacy levels in the community because illiteracy impedes effective participation.

With increasing narcotic drug use globally and in East Africa, harm reduction in relation to drug use is quickly gaining ground as an alternative to addressing and managing the drug use problem. The overall objective of the study was to investigate the role of Communication in the Uptake of Harm Reduction in the case of the East African Harm Reduction Project ( EAHRP). The specific objectives were to; study what information was shared under the EAHRP project, study how the messages were packaged and disseminated and how communication influenced the uptake of harm reduction in the region. The target study population were individuals who use /used drugs and were beneficiaries of the project interventions and key informants involved in implementing the project. The study employed the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and An Interactional Approach to Narcotic Addiction Model. The objectives would be met by adopting the research design of a case study where qualitative data would be collected by rigorously interviewing select participants and key informants drawn from stakeholders involved in the project. Content review of select communication products was also be carried out. The analysis of the obtained information revealed that harm reduction messages revolved around supporting rather than punishing People Who Use Drugs (PWUDs), viewing drug use as a disease rather than a crime. The data generally pointed to inadequacies of the traditional punitive responses to drug use recommending harm-reduction as a more effective approach to redress drug use. The study discovered that communication is critical in such a project and should be considered as one of the prerequisites for success in future projects.

This research seeks to address access to sexual and reproductive health and rights of underage girls in sex work in Kenya. The study evaluates the status of girl’s involvement in sex work and the extent to which they access SRHR services. The study focuses on under girls in the urban informal habitats. It also examines the extent to which the current legislations and policies address SRHR challenges faced by this cohort. Statistics indicate that a significant population of underage girls are involved in transactional sex. The categories of underage and gender emerge as key determinants of inaccessibility and low quality of sexual reproductive health services among underage sex workers. This is in spite of the significant number of organizations offering these services. This disparity reveals that there is a significant relationship between the inaccessibility and low quality of sexual reproductive health services for underage sex workers and high prevalence of adolescent and teenage pregnancies in Kenya. It is also justifies the claim of a strong correlation between sexually transmitted infections (STIs), increased incidences of unsafe abortions among underage girls and structural unresponsiveness of sexual and reproductive health rights programs in Kenya. This study utilized two complimentary theories; the feminist theory and intersectionality theory. The feminist theory adds a female perspective to how gender-based structural discrimination impacts on the fundamental rights of under-age girls. The intersectionality theory helped in examining how the vulnerability of underage girls in sex work is also an outcome of the interplay between gender and other variables. The study uses desk review to collect data from secondary sources. This study found out that underage girls’ involvement in sex work is on the rise. The age of entry into sex work for girls is as low as ten years. Holmstrom et al. (2019), argues that most people's first experience of selling sex happens during their teens. This is indicative of an institutional failure beginning from the African culture and extending to national laws and international law and policy frameworks. This study notes that poverty, child-headed families, illiteracy, unemployment, drug and substance abuse, and dysfunctional families are factors that predispose underage girls to engage in sex as work. The study further established that the existence of elaborate international, regional and national legislations and policies on SRHR have not guaranteed access to SRHR services for underage girls in sex work. This research recommends the harmonization of SRHR laws and the related policies with the existing operational programs. The designing of policy and legal framework should further give 6 primacy to serving the interest of girl children. It should also address the drivers pushing underage girls to sex work. Finally, there is a need for a collaborative approach by all duty bearers to ensure that these girls have access to adequate information about SRHR services.

Abstract