A few states such as Rwanda stand out globally following significant political, social, and economic progress after successful efforts in internal conflict management. This study sought to investigate the applicability of the Rwandan conflict resolution strategies in countries facing conflicts. The main objective of this research was to establish the role of post-conflict states in regional security and conflict management in Africa. Specifically, this study aimed at; investigating the efficacy and role played by Rwanda as a case study in conflict management in Africa. The study was qualitative. Some mechanisms used in conflict management such as negotiation, mediation, arbitration, reconciliation, NGO’s engagement, preventive diplomacy, peace keeping operations as well as use of indigenous models were used in Rwanda and continue bearing an impact given her efforts in peace keeping across Africa. Coming from a history of ethnic biases, division, and savagery, Rwanda’s efforts taken to resolve conflicts were compelling positively impacting her economic recuperation, administration, infrastructure restoration, and improvement of her citizenry’s welfare. Rwanda’s approach to post-conflict peace-building was multidimensional which should be commended. The study recommends adoption of indigenous peace building initiatives like those in Rwanda in addition to provision of basic human needs and liberties to forestall cleavages in society leading to armed conflicts.

The1 ability of a project to achieve1 its1 goal(s) through competent management, strong governance, and a constant rededication to attaining results1 is1 referred to as1 project performance. The1 building industry in Kenya is1 a competitive1 one, and as1 a result, quality is1 extremely important. TQM is1 used by businesses1 to obtain a competitive1 edge1 in terms1 of productivity and customer satisfaction. Therefore, the1 study aimed to investigate1 the1 influence1 of total quality management practices1 on performance1 of commercial building construction projects1 in Nairobi County, Kenya. The1 study looked at the1 influence1 of customer focus, mutual supplier relation, total employee1 commitment, and fact-based decision-making on the1 performance1 of commercial building construction projects1 in Nairobi County. This1 study was1 hinged on Deming's1 theory, Crosby's1 theory, and resource-based view theory. The1 researcher employed a descriptive1 research design. The1 population targeted was1 the1 commercial building construction projects1 in Nairobi County. The1 unit of observation was1 the1 6 National Construction Authority senior managers, 13 Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure1 Housing, Urban Development and Public Works1 officials, 147 managers1 and 382 supervisors1 of commercial building construction projects. The1 sample1 size1 of 231 was1 attained using Stratified random sampling method. To collect primary data, self-administered questionnaires1 were1 used. The1 content validity of the1 questionnaire1 was1 established in order to evaluate1 the1 responses. Reliability was1 assessed using the1 Cronbach Alpha. Data obtained in the1 field was1 filtered, processed, and cleaned in accordance1 with the1 study's1 goals. The1 data was1 then coded, placed into statistics1 software, and examined (SPSS, Version 25.0). Descriptive1 statistics1 was1 applied in analyzing quantitative1 data. Percentages, frequencies, means, and standard deviation were1 all calculated. Inferential data was1 analyzed with the1 use1 of multiple1 regression analysis. Frequency tables1 were1 used to present the1 results. The1 study found that the1 project spent time1 and money educating customers1 about its1 new offerings. The1 research also found that payments1 to suppliers1 were1 not made1 on time. The1 research found that it was1 not certain whether employees1 were1 more1 concerned with product quality than with yields1 and if employees1 learned quality-related concepts1 and skills. The1 research found that they frequently delegated the1 task of critiquing each decision to one1 member of the1 decision-making team in order to examine1 its1 merits. The1 study concluded that fact-based decision-making (r=0.818, p=0.033<0.05) had the1 greatest influence1 on the1 performance1 of commercial building construction projects1 in Nairobi County, followed by customer focus(r=0.787, p=0.002<0.05), then total employee1 commitment (r=0.738, p=0.012<0.05) while1 mutual supplier relation (r=0.599, p=0.038<0.05) had the1 least influence1 on the1 performance1 of commercial building construction projects1 in Nairobi County. The1 study recommends1 that employees1 in the1 commercial building construction projects1 in Nairobi County should be1 responsible1 for actively supporting the1 adoption of the1 TQM accepted practices1 on performance. The1 study also recommends1 that commercial building construction projects1 in Nairobi County ought to concentrate1 the1 wants1 and expectations1 of their customers, give1 personalized and quality customer experience, deliver the1 appropriate1 services1 at the1 appropriate1 times1 with an emphasis1 on fostering positive1 customer relationships.

The study's goal was to see how lean supply chain management affected the performance of manufacturing firms in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study had two objectives: to evaluate the level to which manufacturing firms in Mogadishu, Somalia have adopted lean supply chain management practices and to ascertain the association amongst lean supply chain management practices and performance of Manufacturing Firms in Mogadishu, Somalia. The paper used descriptive research design, with all Manufacturing Firms listed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry in Mogadishu as the study's population. Census was carried out on all the 35 manufacturing companies in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study used primary data drafted by questionnaires which were administered through electronic email by use of google forms. The findings indicate that Manufacturing Firms in Mogadishu, Somalia, adopted lean production and lean transportation to a large extent while lean procurement was adopted to a medium extent. The results reveal that lean production, lean procurement and lean transportation influences performance (profitability and market share) of manufacturing firm’s in Mogadishu. Lean supply chain management thus has an affirmative and substantial relationship with performance of manufacturing firms in Mogadishu. The managers and decision makers can use the outcome to establish lean supply chain management practices that influences performance and adopt them in their manufacturing firms. Future research should concentrate on the impact of lean supply chain management on supply chain performance of small, medium and manufacturing firms in Mogadishu Somalia to see if the results will be the same.

The business environment is unprecedented, unpredictable and uncertain and it is ever changing. Organizations need to scan the environment in order to understand what go beyond its walls. The environment is dynamic and for a firm to be competitive in its environment, it needs to develop strategy that match the changing environment. Because today’s strategies might be rendered, obsolete tomorrow. The aviation industry has endured most of the devastation of the corona virus pandemic due to border closures, ban and other restrictions around the world to curb the spread of the disease. The research analyzed the strategies that Kenya Airways Corporation pursued during the Covid-19 pandemic. The objective of the study was to determine the strategies that Kenya Airways Corporation pursued during the covid-19 pandemic. The study was anchored on environmental dependency and resource-based view theories. The researcher used the case study research design. Both primary and secondary data were used. The primary data was gathered using the face-to-face interview guide while data was analyzed using the content analysis. The study concludes that the airline experienced a turbulent environment due to the pandemic and measures such as border closures and restrictions to movement together with virus variants further made air transportation worsen. The study established that to survive the pandemic, Kenya Airways formulated several strategies to match this environment. These strategies included; formation of partnerships with other airlines, grounding, sale and leasing out some of its aircrafts. The research established that the airline also reduced its workforce from above 4300 to below 3200. The carrier stopped taking its fleet abroad for maintenance after it built the capacity to do the maintenance at its hangers. All these undertakings saved the airline on costs during the pandemic crisis. The study recommends the company to embrace all the strategies it had formulated into the future until the environment stabilizes. The government should continue protecting the company against stiff competition from Ethiopia, British and gulf carriers (emirates, Etihad and Qatar airways). The management of the company should be looked into as it has been blamed on the woes the company had faced for many years. Kenya government should renationalize the company so that it can be competitive and profit making like other state-owned carriers. Kenya airways should also embrace new aviation industry technologies to boost on its operation. The company business should be diversified in order to spread the risk in future.

Agricultural productivities is an important issue in Kenya’s agriculture sector. The Kenya Vision 2030 and the Agricultural Sector Transformation and Growth Strategy envisions a commercialized, resilient, and competitive smallholder farms. Smallholder farmers productivities are for home consumption, market, or a blend of the two. The study sought to understand the agricultural productivities among community-based farming projects in Suba Sub-County and the factors of production influencing them. The research used a cross-sectional survey with a sample size of 260 and return rate of 93% which comprised smallholder famers and key informants. An administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the sampled farmers while a key informant interview guide was used to interview key informants. The study found a weak positive correlation and statistically significant relationship between access to land and agricultural productivities (r= 0.227; P>0.001); access to market and agricultural productivities (r= 0.223; P>0.001); and access to technology and agricultural productivities (r= 0.136; P>0.035). The study also found a weak positive correlation and statistically insignificant relationship between infrastructure and agricultural productivities (r= 0.098; P<0.129) and between access to finance and agricultural productivities (r= 0.086; P<0.182). The study concluded that access to land, markets, and technology are key determinants of agricultural productivities among community-based farming projects while infrastructure and access to finance does not significantly influence agricultural productivities. It is recommended that that development actors, including the County government, national Government, and Non-State Actors to formulate policies and strategies, develop programs, and design and implement projects that facilitate access to land, market, and technology to spur agricultural productivities of community-based farming projects. It is also recommended that policies on inclusive financial access for farmers and improved infrastructure should be a key priority of County Government, national Government, and other key stakeholders. Further research should be conducted to assess the influence of other factors such as entrepreneurial spirit, county and national Government policies, NGO activities, and household characteristics among others. This research should also be replicated in other regions of the country to compare findings.

Corruption is an age-old social problem that is endemic to governments, individuals, companies, institutions, and nations globally. It is thriving despite the continuous efforts that have been sustained by various nations to curb it. Corruption is viewed as both an ethical and legal problem that has stifled growth in many countries. The main objective of this study was to establish the Role of Broadcast Media in Mitigating Corruption in Public Economic Management in Africa. Specifically; to critically assess the role that broadcast media plays in the mitigation of corruption in Kenya; to analyse the challenges faced by broadcast media in the coverage of corruption in Kenya and to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies used by broadcast media in the fight against corruption in Kenya. The study was guided by Agenda Setting Theory in Mass Communication. This study adopted both secondary and primary research designs. The target population was 174 employees drawn from different media companies. The study adopted random and stratified random sampling techniques sampling the target population to 120 respondents. Both primary and secondary data was collected using a questionnaire and an interview guide. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined over the course of this investigation by employing Cronbach's Alpha as the reliability measure of choice. According to the study, corruption is a sort of dishonesty or a crime committed by a person or group in a position of authority in order to obtain illegal benefits or exploit that position for one's own benefit. The report also revealed that the most significant difficulty confronting media companies is agenda shaping. The survey discovered that media companies frequently dealt with libel and defamation proceedings where the onus of evidence rested with the accuser and that many of them had to pay significant fines as a result. The study also revealed that it is not wise to promote corruption. The study's conclusion was that in order to raise public awareness, the media should keep informing the public and exposing corrupt practices. The study came to the conclusion that corruption is a sort of dishonesty or a crime committed by a person or group in a position of authority in order to obtain illegal benefits or misuse power for one's own profit. The study found that media outlets frequently dealt with libel and defamation proceedings where the onus of evidence rested with the accuser, and many of them had to pay significant fines as a result. Failure of the government to support and protect the media house and journalists has often been featured as some of the man challenges facing the broadcast media houses and outlets in Kenya. The study concluded that bribe is the most common type of corruption in the Government. According to the study, media companies should set up divisions dedicated to covering corruption. Since security is the biggest issue facing media companies, it is necessary to give investigative journalists and media companies in general proper security. This will improve journalist training and aid in the fight against corruption. The best way to cover corruption stories is through effective training. This may be accomplished by improving laws relating to media and security and by establishing a dedicated police unit to provide security to investigative journalists. Given the dearth of investigative journalists working for media companies, it is strongly advised that journalists receive training on how to manage and disclose corruption. There is a need for more investigative journalists to be employed; media companies should adopt cutting-edge technology to combat corruption effectively and efficiently; and to prevent being compromised while performing their duties, journalists should be provided with a good compensation package, risk allowances, and transportation conveniences.