In all communities, conflicts are natural and inevitable; they are inherent to human being interactions. Family based land conflicts are among the most conflicts that result from the use of the scarce resource land. Rwanda is not an exception to these conflicts. Family based land conflicts are exacerbated by the problem of population growth especially the sub-division of land for inheritances purposes. This makes family members quarrel in order to have a big part of land and their socio-economic development is undermined. A study was conducted in Karongi District especially in Gishyita and Mubuga sectors in order to analyze the impact family based land conflicts may have on socio-economic development of family members. The results of the study have revealed that the key salient family based land conflicts are those between parents and their children, between brothers and sisters, between husbands and wives as well as those between orphans and their relatives. Furthermore, the results revealed that the main causes of such conflicts are poverty, land scarcity, polygamy, ignorance of the law related to inheritance and succession, inheritance as well as the desire to satisfy selfish interest. The results have proven that family based land conflicts have a negative impact on socio-economic development of family members. For the impact on economic development, such conflicts reduce family income, agricultural productivity as well as agricultural employment. As regard to the impact on social development, family based land conflicts restrain the capacity of family members to access health care, shelter and education. In addition to that, family based land conflicts lead very often to violence. Some cases of parricide, fratricide and infanticide have observed in Mubuga and Gishyita sectors. For that reason, some recommendations have been formulated in order to solve family based land conflicts in a peaceful way.

The research on “A four language glossary of hospital basic terms: English-French-Swahili-Kinyarwanda”was aimed at compiling a glossary of terms used to refer to departments or services, health professionals and tools existing at hospital. Field tours, interviews, questionnaires and documentation are the research methods that I used to collect the 276 terms that made up the corpus of the study. The main objective was to seek for their equivalents in English, French, Swahili and Kinyarwanda in order to allow efficient medical communication in the Great Lakes region and all over the world as the languages implied are worldwide. Furthermore, this glossary will be useful to various people including patients, health professionals and owners of health care providing institutions. It will be beneficial to translators or interpreters. They will use it as a reference in their carreer once they are engaged in mediating the patient and the health care provider.

The study's goal was to ascertain how public procurement processes affected service delivery for development projects carried out by the Kenyan county government of Machakos. The study specifically identified the public procurement procedures frequently employed in development projects carried out by the County Government of Machakos, Kenya, as well as the consequences of such practices on service delivery in those projects. The study used a case study research approach, and department heads in the Kenyan county government of Machakos provided the data. Interviewing was used to gather the data, and content analysis was used to analyze the data. According to the study, public procurement procedures were in place in all of the county government of Machakos's departments, including those responsible for housing and urban development, public service, quality management, social welfare, energy and electrification, ICT, health and emergency services, , skills training, finance, and education as well as sports, culture, youth, and tourism. Moreover, customer orientations, strategic buyer and supplier partnership, supplier training, reverse logistics, efficient tendering procedures, procurement planning, and knowledge management are a few of the public procurement techniques that were implemented in these departments. According to the study's findings, public procurement policies encouraged the service delivery of development projects carried out by the Kenyan county government of Machakos. The research proposed that in order to improve the efficiency of their service delivery across various projects, the County Governments in Machakos should employ public procurement techniques related with excellent contract management, adoption of e- procurement, timely delivery, and public engagement