The purpose of study was to determine the factors influencing adherence to aseptic techniques in the operating rooms among health workers at Kisenyi health centre IV, Kampala district. This was a cross sectional – descriptive study design that employed quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection. A stratified sampling and convenience sampling methods were used to select 30 study participant. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data. Results of study on health worker related factors were; 18(60%) had a working experience in operating room of 6 – 10 year, 16(53.3%) were aware of principles of aseptic techniques 16(53.3%) did not experience time challenges and 25(83.3%) did not believe that they can achieve maximum asepsis. Health facility related factors were; 24(80%) experienced inadequate equipment, 28(93.3%) experienced challenges with human resource, 26(89.7%) received supervision rarely and 23(76.7%) reported absence of an active infection control committee. The study established that health worker related factors were positively influencing adherence to aseptic techniques in operating room for example awareness of aseptic techniques and working experience unlike the health facility related factors for example inadequate equipment and human resource had a negative influence on adherence to aseptic measures. The study therefore, recommended the responsible authority to ensure adequate staffing, adequate supply of drugs and equipment and water in order to influence maintenance of theatre asepsis.

Uganda’s incidence rate of TB is 200 per 100,000 persons with 60% co – infected with HIV. This double pandemic situation increases the morbidity and mortality rates among HIV patients. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors contributing to spreading of tuberculosis among HIV positive clients at Kawolo general hospital, Buikwe district. The study used a cross section al descriptive design that employed quantitative data collection methods. The study enrolled 40 respondents who were selected using a simple random method. Data was corrected with use of both using an interview guide and checklist. Results were analysed and presented into tables, graphs and figures using Micro soft excel. The study results showed that individual factors were29 (62%) were underweight, 21(52.5%) consumed alcohol sometimes and 25(62.5%) had no history of TB. Among socio – economic factors, 25(62.5%) were unemployed, 19(47.5%) received emotional support and 27(67.5%) had family history of TB. HIV related factors were; 21(52.5%) were diagnosed with HIV for > 10 yet 23(57.5%) had took ART for 5 – 10 years and 26(65%) had viral load of 101,001 – 1,000,000 copies per ml. Conclusively, HIV related and socio – economic factors had a great influence on spreading of TB while individual factor had very minimal influence. Therefore, it is recommended that HIV patients should improve on their general care like adherence to ART and TB – prophylaxis so as to minimize spreading of TB infections.

A face mask is the covering of the mouth, nose to provide a simple barrier to help prevent the respiratory droplets from spreading of COVID 19. 12% people were found to be using face masks effectively. its upon this behavior a study topic was conducted to identify the determinants of use of face masks in prevention of COVID 19 among community members in Migeera town council, Nakasongola district. It was guided by the following objectives; individual factors of use of face masks in prevention of COVID 19 among community members, socio – cultural factors of use of face masks in prevention of COVID 19 among community members and environmental factors of use of face masks in prevention of COVID 19 among community members in Migeera town council, Nakasongola district. The study used a descriptive cross sectional study design that employed both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods was used. Simple random method was used to obtain 48 respondents. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and this was analyzed using Microsoft word and excel programs and presented in form of graphics, tables and narratives. Results of the study showed that; individual determinants included; 19(39.6%) had primary education level, 24(50%) disagreed that masks are effective in controlling the spread of COVID 19 and 34(70.8%) did not suffer from any chronic illness. Environmental determinants were, 44(91.7%) reported presence of policies encouraging use of face masks and 29(87.9%) regarded the laws to not be strict. Social – cultural determinants included; 37(77.1%) never had a relative who suffered from COVID 19, 40(83.3%) reported society acceptance of individuals who do not put on the face mask and 29(60.4%) had 4 to 7 house hold residents. The study established that usage of face mask low mainly because of social – cultural and individual determinants unlike environmental determinants. Therefore, it is recommended that Ministry of health and health workers should continue with the sensitization programs on the correct use of face masks and it is effectiveness; so as to enable even individuals with low education level to recognize the need to use the face masks.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy refers to the reluctance of the people to acquire the vaccine despite it being deemed safe and effective. This research is aimed to uncover the factors for the covid-19 vaccine hesitancy among the people of mukubira zone, makerere 1, Kawempe division Kampala district. The research method that employed during the data collection was convenience sampling method where respondents were selected basing on their availability, questionnaires were distributed and a sample population of 52 respondents were involved in the study. The study finding included demographic data which showed, that all the participants were 18years of age and above 52(100%), majority of them 32(61.5%) were females, almost half 20(38.5%) were males. The research findings also included the data of the cultural factors for the covid-19 vaccine hesitancy, and it showed that 27(51.9%) of the respondents said their cultures don’t support covid-19 vaccination, 25(48.1%) gave a positive response as their cultures support covid-19 vaccination against covid019 disease. The social economic factors for the covid-19 vaccine hesitancy shows that 31(59.6%) respondents preferred the old people to acquire the vaccine, 15(28.8%) of the respondents preferred the young, whereas 6(11.5%) of the respondents acknowledged that both the young and old aged people to 1receive the vaccine against the covid-19 disease. The recommended factors to improve the covid-19 vaccine uptake included the following: 30(57.7%) of the participants acknowledged that giving the proper information about the covid-19 vaccine whereas 14(26.9%) of the respondents said that sensitizing people on the benefits of the covid-19 vaccine would improve the covid-19 vaccine uptake. It can be concluded that covid-19 vaccine hesitancy had been a major hindering factor to achieving the common most important goal of ensuring all people have been vaccinated and safe guarded from the corona virus. Furthermore many people have developed a negative ideology about the covid-19 vaccine due to the negative propaganda in the media and different source of information. The recommended action point to the government is that, proper education is vital if the vaccination goals are to be made a success.

In Uganda, motorcyclists are the most vulnerable road users contributing 41% of all road traffic injuries. Most motorcycle riders know that they should wear helmets for their safety but are reluctant to use them which increase the occurrence of severe head injuries. The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of commercial motorcyclists towards prevention of head injuries in Kabalagala, Kampala District. The study used a cross sectional descriptive study design that employed both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. A sample size of 48 respondents who were selected using a simple random method was used. Both an interview guide and checklists were used to obtained data from respondents. The study results showed that respondents were knowledgeable about head injuries i.e. 39(82.2%) had an idea about head injuries, 26(54.2%) knew full face helmets as type of helmets and 25(52.1%) knew that a good helmet should be hard. Negative attitudes were identified with 22(45.8%) agreed that helmets should always be worn by beginners, 35(72.9%) felt uncomfortable to wear a helmet, 44(91.7%) agreed that helmets are hot and 38(79.2%) agreed that helmet is heavy. Regarding practices, 25(52.1%) lacked ownership of the helmet, 41(85.4%) did not have passenger helmets and, 27(56.2%) did not constantly used helmets. The study concluded that respondents were knowledge about prevention of head injuries while using the helmet although they had negative attitude and unsatisfactory practices of helmet use. The study therefore recommended that efforts by responsible authority to enforce and sensitize cyclists about helmets in prevention of health injuries should be implemented to address the problem.

The term spinal cord injury refers to the damage of the spinal cord resulting from trauma or degenerative diseases or cancer. The most sever spinal cord injury affects systems that regulates bowel and bladder, breathing and heart rate and blood pressure. The study was determinants of management of spinal cord injury patients. The study was guided by patients, health care workers and health care institution related factors that determine managing of spinal cord injury patients. It was across sectional, descriptive design. The researcher used 30 respondents to collect data and it was analysed using Microsoft excel 2007 and statistical package for social scientists. The findings were presented in tables and figures. It was found out that patients related factors in study were 27(84.4%), were female 17(53.9%) and 14(46.7%), had inadequate knowledge, and 9(30%) reported limited access to rehabilitation services. Health care workers related factors, 14(46.7%), reported highly specialised interdisciplinary approach and 4(13.3%), reported inadequate staffs. Health care institution related factors included 10(33.3%), had limited financial resources, and 9(30%) were lacking physical therapy and rehabilitation services, 7(23.3%), reports inadequate equipment 2(6.7%) had challenge with lack of skilled personnel .It was concluded that health care institution factors have contributed mostly to the managing spinal cord injury patients among health care workers followed by health care factors and then patient related factors. It was recommended that health training institutions should educate health students more on spinal cord injury management and the way how to prevent spinal cord injuries. The health care workers should be sensitised and continuous medical education (CMEs), on managing of spinal cord injury patients and guidelines on this should be put on the ward s to make every health care worker aware of spinal cord injury management. It was recommended to the ministry of health also to ensure timely supply of logistics at the spinal unit .spinal unit ward managers should develop the policies that encompass on how to manage spinal cord injuries.

My internship was conducted from Witnesses for children International, a center for character development, I commenced it on 19th June 2021 and I completed it on 22nd August 2021. Witnesses for Children International (WCI) is a non-profitable Christian organization reaching out to children of 4-14 Window in communities, churches, schools and families nurturing them through foundational Christian character training to enable them to become leaders of character. One of my objectives is to counsel children using the word of God so that they may be useful to their parents as well as to the nations .To impart the word of God to children so that we shall have a bright future of people who fears God and this will help our country and other nations to be conducted well. To learn how to conduct myself in an office in a good way which pleases God. To learn how to work with different people from different cultures. And finally applying theoretical knowledge I acquired from class into practical. These are activities I got involved during my internship. Morning devotion whereby everyone had his or her own day of leading devotion, curriculum development for children, lesson planning for both children and parents, moderating shows, shooting videos for presentation, teaching the word of God, attending staff meeting. During my internship by God’s grace I was able to learn a lot of lessons like how to behave in an office, how to associate with different people of different cultures, how to value time, I also learnt how to submit to boss. Not only that but also I was able to gain some skills like leadership skill whereby I was able to lead different people of different culture which is not easy, communication skill whereby I could approach someone if there is something has not gone very well than pointing that person in a congregation. So I spoke to many people but I never offended anyone because of that communication skill, counselling skill is one of the skills I gained during my internship because I counseled both children and parents. In course of my internship I faced some challenges like in communication, the time I reached where I had to do my internship my smartphone got some mechanical problem whereby I could not get information from various people including my supervisors, another challenge I faced was of the people who one day came saying that we are teaching children yet we are in lockdown so they were telling us we have hidden children yet we had not hidden anyone so by God’s grace they left and they never did anything which is harm to us. So I conclude this part recommending Witnesses for children international to recruit more employees because the work is too much and employees are few if they do work shall go very well by God’s grace. I would also recommend this organization to get cooks so that the work cannot be interrupted by other things for example someone is preparing lesson at the same time is in kitchen cooking to be sincere it is not easy and it does not even produce good work.