This project examines the extent JSC complies with the procedure of initiating the removal of judges while observing the administrative principles under the Constitution of Kenya. The study makes two arguments: the first argument is although JSC has the constitutional mandate to initiate the removal of judges, nevertheless, the removal procedure is inconsistent and fragmented because of inadequate Regulations under the JSC Act, 2011 which makes it difficult to discern the standard of proof. The second argument is although constitutional scholars and Commonwealth courts hold that the standard of proof is imperative in the removal of judges, nevertheless, JSC holds itself as a constitutional commission that is unbound by administrative rules because its role is to analyze the complaints on a preliminary inquiry and the standard of proof is inapplicable. By reviewing case law, legislative and institutional framework, this study uses JSC`s example to illustrate the nexus between fair administrative action and constitutional commission. It demonstrates that as a constitutional commission, JSC is bound by rules of administrative action, considering that to be heard and given written reasons, is a constitutional right and a legal requirement under the Fair administrative Action Act, 2015. The existing literature failed to critically interrogate the form and substance in the ousting of judges from office. In particular, failed to evaluate the place of administrative justice principles in the removal of judges from office by JSC. This study builds on existing knowledge in the area of Fair Administrative Actions involving Constitutional Commissions.

Human Trafficking and activities around it are an ancient global problem. The menacing challenges of this vice are felt by all countries worldwide. Classified under one of the core threats that is dehumanizing, trafficking in human beings is a heinous breach of rights of individual persons which impacts individuals from all over the world, regardless of location, ethnicity, or religion. This study examines human Trafficking's influence on public safety in Africa: an example of the Kenya-Uganda Busia border. The study will be driven by three key objectives to investigate the factors underlying the growing instances of African human Trafficking, to examine and analyze the implications of human Trafficking on human security in Kenya Uganda Busia border, and finally to evaluate the efficacy of the existing In Kenyan a legislative framework in place to address human trafficking as well as its consequences for public safety. As a result, the modern slavery hypothesis was used to analyze the data in this study. To do this, the study will use a hybrid research approach that incorporates both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Furthermore, both primary and secondary data sources were used. To analyze qualitative data, content analysis was used. Microsoft Excel and SPPS were used to analyze quantitative data. From the first objective, the findings of the study were that the rampant Trafficking of persons in the African continent has been contributed by various factors, both internal and external. The findings point to poverty as the main element that has resulted in increased human Trafficking. Human Trafficking has become the norm along the Kenya-Uganda border, with severe consequences for their lives as they are subjected to physical and emotional torture. The constitution is part of the current legislative framework in place to prevent human trafficking. The Counter-Trafficking Act of 2010 was enacted to aid in Kenya’s fight against the vice of trafficking persons and along its borders. The government has also domesticated the East Africa Counter-Trafficking Protocol as well as the United Nations Palermo Protocol as domesticated in Kenya. The efficacy of the existing legal framework was also discussed, and the findings of the study point out several challenges like corruption that have hindered the current legal framework from helping to eradicate human trafficking. Human Trafficking remains high along the Kenya-Uganda Busia border despite the existence of these legal documents. The study recommends strengthening the existing legal framework to ensure they are compelling enough to combat human trafficking in the Kenya-Uganda Busia border. Further, there is a need to put in place a counseling center specifically for those affected by human Trafficking who undergo a lot upon their return. The government should offer safe havens where they can speak out and get counseling services.

This study examines Kenya’s style of regulating virtual currencies and their attendant transactions. It proposes that the adoption of regulative and legislative precepts will be ultimately beneficial for Kenya’s fiscal market. The study explores the legal features and taxonomical approaches to classifying virtual currencies. It undertakes a benchmarking approach by exploring styles of regulating virtual currencies by other States noting challenges to be learned from and positive regulative highlights to be emulated by Kenya. This study proposes that stifling the growth of virtual currency use in Kenya is not beneficial to its economy and will only make virtual currencies attractive to criminal schemers and masterminds. The study provides reasons why Kenya should dedicate its resources to research and comprehend virtual currency transactions to come up with regulatory measures that will strengthen and improve the economic status of its economy. The study suggests that Kenya should recognize virtual currencies as mediums of payment for purposes of regulation. The study also points out the fact that virtual currency businesses and transactions could be a source of revenue for the country to tap into. It further suggests that proactively regulating virtual currencies by enacting new laws or amending existing laws will make the currency attractive to law-abiding citizens who wish to transact in virtual currency.

The concept of work place diversity and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB) are associated with human resource management in organizations. A number of management and development studies have succeeded and ended up documented on the challenges and problems impacting most institutions in Africa region including in Kenya. To gain or sustain competitive advantage and excellent management, most organizations have reorganized, merged with like-minded firms, evaluated, re-designed, enforced total quality control plans and adopted diversity management systems with the aim of promoting their organizational citizenship behaviors. This research aimed to establish the effects of workplace diversity management on organizational citizenship behaviors among employees in registered dairy production firms in Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional survey approach was utilized in this investigation. The target population were 23 firms which were registered with Kenya Dairy Board targeting 703 participants and narrowed down to 255.The sample population from each site was determined using a stratified proportional sampling approach. In order to participate in this study, a random sample proportionate to the participant's cadre was chosen. Data7 collected7 was7 coded7 and7entered in a computer and verified with the use of a Microsoft Excel software to ensure correctness and completeness. For analysis Social Science Statistical Package, SPSS-software version 23, was used. The characteristics of the respondents and their replies to each question were described in descriptive7 statistics7 (frequencies, mean7 and7 percentages). The data was then presented by tables, graphs and discussion of the results. The study employed inferential statistics by adopting a7 simple7 regression7 analysis7 to7 test7 the7 link7 between7 the7variables. The study found that the employees agreed that their firms had ensured the following in workplace diversity to a moderate extent. The study further found that the firms had ensured the following in enhancing organizational citizenship behaviors to a moderate extent. The study concluded that the dairy firms had not enhanced organizational citizenship behaviors effectively in their firms. The study also concluded that the dairy firms had not ensured effective practices on workplace diversity. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between the workplace diversity components (collaborations and team work, creativity and innovation, employee engagement and supportive work environment and different perspectives) and organizational citizenship behaviors among employees of registered dairy production firms in Kenya. The study recommends that, with professionalism, dairy companies may encourage their staff to embrace goodwill at work, ensuring that teamwork spirit is embraced at all service delivery level aimed at enhancing organizational citizenship behaviors. Management of dairy companies have a responsibility to ensure that their workers are well trained and given the opportunity to be innovative. This can be enhanced through offering scholarships as motivational rewards. The importance of rules and regulations in the workplace cannot be overstated. As a result, dairy companies have a responsibility to guarantee that self-control and discipline are observed at work by adhering to the organizations' established norms and regulations. The importance of attendance and work performance cannot be overstated. Dairy companies should encourage their casual employees to work in pleasant locations, since this will improve their productivity.

Kenya's subsector of tea was confronted with a difficult macroeconomic climate, including interest-rate capping in August 2016 and reversed in 2019. Other macroeconomic issues affecting the industry include: rising price levels, unpredictability in interest rates, and fluctuation in exchange rates. The Kenyan currency has been on a consistent decline over the last decade and this might have an impact on the performance of the tea sub-sector. In addition, the country inflation levels have also fluctuated significantly. These adverse macroeconomic trends may lead to serious difficulties with the expansion of the tea subsector. The objective of this study was to determine the impact that selected macro-economic variables have on the growth of the tea sub-sector in Kenya. Exchange rates, interest rates, the unemployment rate, and inflation were all considered independent factors in this study. The response variable that the researchers attempted to explain was the growth of the tea subsector.The data was collected on a quarterly basis over a period of ten years (from January 2011 to December 2020). A descriptive research approach was employed in the study, with a multiple linear regression model used to examine the connection between the study variables. The data were analyzed using Statistical Packages version 24. The study's findings yielded an R-square value of 0.526, indicating that the chosen independent variables could explain 52.6 percent of the variance in the teasub-sector's growth in Kenya, while the remaining 47.4 percent was due to other factors not investigated in this study. The independent factors exhibited a significant relationship with tea sub-sector growth (R=0.725), according to the research. The F statistic was noteworthy at a 5% level with a p=0.000, according to the findings of the ANOVA. This suggests that the model was adequate for explaining tea sub-sector growth. Further, the findings revealed that exchange rate and unemployment rate were significant determiners of the tea sub-sector growth and they had a negative influence. Interest rates and inflation had a negative, although statistically insignificant, impact on tea sector growth. The study recommends that there is need to manage the current levels of unemployment since they have a major impact on tea sub-sector growth. Policy makers should also stabilize the existing levels of exchange rates as a depreciation of the currency adversely affects tea subsector growth.

Strategic training plays an imperative role in the implementation of organizational strategies. Organisations are therefore encouraged to take a more a more strategic approach to training and align training with the strategic goals of the organization. However, despite the large literature body supporting the use of strategy-linked training, majority of organisations have done little effort in this direction. In most organisations, training programs and needs have little to do with the organisation’s strategic initiatives and goals. In Kenya, to streamline its operations and enhance accountability in the KPS several reforms have been instituted since 2003. Most of the KPS reforms among them; the integration of the administration police and the general duty officers, adoption of the integrated communication command and control centre, police infrastructure modernization as well as the implementation of new training curriculum among others are some of the reforms that have been successfully realised and operationalized. However, a number of reforms have not been fully and timely implemented and are still work in progress. This study sought to determine the relationship between strategic training practices and reforms implementation in the Kenya Police Service. The key theories guiding the study included the dynamic capabilities theory and the Institutional theory. The study adopted a case study research design and primary data was collected from the Kenya Police Service. The data was gathered using an interactive interview guide. The targeted interviewees were 13 senior administrators in the 13 Kenya Police Units. The gathered qualitative raw data was analyzed using content analysis where the generated responses was categorized based on identified themes and the study objectives. The findings revealed that effective learning and training portfolio diversification, expanding the training needs of officers, accelerating the pace of training, aligning training and development, communication of learning objectives, modifying the work environment to support learning and knowledge sharing and creation enhanced reforms implementation in the Police Service. The study concluded that strategic training practices enhances reforms implementation at the Kenya Police Service. The study recommends that the KPS continuously review the strategic training practices to aid in the implementation of pending reforms. The study also recommends that the KPS improves their communication of learning objectives, as well as modify the working environment to support learning and enhance reforms implementation. Lastly, the study recommends that KPS designs effective training strategies that align with strategic goals for enhanced implementation of the set targets and objectives.

This study sought to determine the effect of terrorist activities on volatility of returns from NSE 20 share index securities. The occurrence of terrorist events, the region where a terrorist event breaks out, the size and target of the event were investigated to find out whether they influence volatility of securities that make the NSE 20 share index. Time series daily data on prices of the NSE 20 share index and the volume of traded shares were obtained from the Nairobi Securities Exchange database for the period spanning between 2001-2020. Data on days when terrorist events broke out, the size of the terrorist event, the target and region of occurrence was obtained from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). Data on political stability of Kenya as a control variable was obtained from World Bank’s database on governance indicators. The Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model was used in carrying out the empirical estimation. Specifically, the Ordinary Least Squares approach was embraced in estimating the causal relationship between outbreak of terrorist events and volatility of returns from the NSE 20 share index securities. The study findings indicates that the return of securities varies yearly due to the terror shock effect. Figure 4.1 indicates that a year before the terror attack there is a high return and a year after there is a low return due to poor performance. The returns results were non-linear and dependent on some market factors that affect the day-to-day purchase of the stock. The unit root test was conducted and the ADF was negative indicated by -9.23. Since the value was larger and stronger, we accept that the terror attack affected the stock price in the year 2012 to 2014 in the Westgate mall attack. The year that the stock returns were affected at a high rate was given by the year 2013 under Mpeketoni attack where the ADF had a strong negative of 12.05. This was further explained that the sum of the ARCH and GARCH (α+β) is indicated by 1.20 which explains that the volatility rate to have an increasing return in the year 2014 in Mpeketoni attack. This shows that the terror attack affected the securities return in the years 2013 to 2015. The ADF statistics is indicated by -10.43 and -11.72 for the year 2015 and 2018 respectively this indicates that the terror attack has affected the securities return in the companies listed in NSE. It was indicated that the sum of the ARCH and GARCH (α+β) in 2019 was indicated by 0.800 which explains that the volatility rate to have an increasing return. The variation coefficient is indicated to be 0.31 this indicates that holding all the factors constant the terror shock affects the securities return with 31%. The study recommends that there should be further study to determine other effects of terror shock especially economically to determine the chain of the prices of the securities in the security market.