The factors that influence the decision of Kenyan voters to choose the candidates they elect remain largely misunderstood. Random inquisition about what determines voters’ choice almost always returns the same answer: ethnicity. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of evaluative attitudes on voter behaviour using the case of the 2017 party primaries in Nyeri County and therefore illustrate that the average Kenyan voter is more rational than they get credited for. Specifically, the study sought to determine the effects of responsiveness evaluations, performance evaluations and integrity evaluations on voter behaviour. By selecting a largely ethnically homogeneous study area and by using the case of party primaries, the study eliminated ethnicity and dominant political parties as variables that may influence voter behaviour. The study relied on primary data collected by surveys. The rational choice theory was adopted for this study. In its application to the study, the theory assumes that voters are rational beings, that individuals are opportunity maximizers and that individuals are self-interested who make decisions based on cost-benefit analysis. Study findings lead to the conclusion that voters in Nyeri County are rational actors. It was found that positive evaluations of the candidates’ performance, their ability to respond to the needs of their communities as positive evaluations of their integrity lead to reward at the ballot by the voters while negative evaluations lead to electoral loss for the unfortunate candidates.

This study concentrated on exploring the association amongst the stock market development and foreign direct investments. The key emphasis was majorly on the impact or influence in which the advancement of the stock market has on the inflows of foreign direct investments in Kenya. According to Adam and Tweneboah (2009) they cited the stock market development has a crucial role in attracting direct foreign investments. In asserting this relationship, the study incorporated other economic variables to model a multiple linear regression. This model had foreign direct investment as the output variable with the independent variable being the stock market development. Control variables in the study were Real exchange rate which is measured as a comparison of the KES to the USD, the inflation rate measured in relation to the commodity price, the applicable tax rates and the country’s economy size expressed by the GDP growth rate. The study assumed a descriptive research design approach. Secondary data from the past historical years was embraced in order to run the multiple linear regression analysis using the STATA statistical software. The analysis also included Vector Auto regression model (VAR) and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The inquiry findings were presented in form of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed R squared value of 0.2705 which illustrates that 27.05 percent of the deviance in FDI was determined by selected variables in the model while 72.95 percent was determined by variables not contained within the model. Consequently, the model was statistically significant in determining how stock market expansion, size of the economy, rate of exchange, inflation rate and taxation rate affect direct foreign investment inflows at 95 percent confidence level. Using VECM the study revealed existence of insignificant long standing linkage among the variables. Stock market development had an adverse though insignificant sway on foreign direct investments while economic growth and inflation rate possess a positive implication on the direct foreign investments which was significant. Exchange rate and tax rate had a negative influence on foreign direct investments which was significant. Testing for causality using granger causality test revealed that foreign direct investment inflows had a unidirectional association with stock market development were stock market development significantly caused on foreign direct investments.

Tasnifu hii inahusu dhana ya uchimuzi katika uendelezaji wa riwaya ya kimajaribio au mpya ya Mafamba (2008). i riwaya ya kwanza ya Olali inayomulika hali ya kisiasa katika jamii yetu na harakati za wananchi za kuwangoa viongozi wadhalimu. Katika kuitafiti kazi hii, tuliongozwa na mwelekeo wa kihakiki wa Urasimu wa Kirusi. Utafiti huu unahusu nafasi ya uchimuzi katika nwaya ya Mafamba. Suala ambalo tumeshughulikia kwa kuangazia uchimuzi katika ngazi ya wahusika na rnatumizi ya lugha. Utafiti huu ulilenga kudhihirisha kuwa, uchirnuzi ni nguzo kuu katika uendelezaji wa riwaya ya kimajaribio au mpya ya Mafamba. Tumeigawa tasnifu hii katika sura tano. Iii kufikia malengo yetu. sura ya kwanza imeshughulikia utangulizi kwa ujumla. Utangulizi huu unahusu usuli wa mada. tatizo la utafiti. madhumuni ya utafiti, nadharia tete, sababu za kuchagua mada, mipaka na upeo, misingi ya kinadharia, yaliyoandikwa kuhusu mada yetu na njia za utafiti. Katika sura ya pili. tumezungumzia msuko wa riwaya ya Mafamba ambao unajenga msingi wa uelewa wa riwaya hii. Tumeiona riwaya hii kuwa ya kuvutia na' kusisirnua hasa kutckana na usimulizi wake unaoelezea masuala nyeti ya kisiasa ya jamii yetu katika mtindo mpya wa uandishi kwa njia inayokiuka sifa za uandishi wa riwaya za jadi. Katika sura ya tatu tumeshughulikia uchimuzi katika k iwango cha wahusika. chimuzi huu unatokea katika kiwango cha maana au kisemantiki. Tumebainisha kwamba, uchimuzi wa wahusika katika riwaya ya Mafamba unabainika kupitia kwa usawiri wao kiasi cha kubatilisha clhana nzima ya uhusika hata ingawa matendo yao na wasifu wao unachukuana na hali ya kisasa ya maisha ya jamii yetu kwa jinsi tunapata kuwatambua, kutambua tabia zao na rnielekeo yao. Aidha kupitia kwa uchirnuzi katika kiwango hiki. dharnira ya mwandishi na aidha maudhui katika riwaya hii yanabainika. Sura ya tatu inahusu uchimuzi katika kiwango cha matumizi ya lugha. Ili kufanikisha lengo letu, tuliangazia vipengele vya matumizi ya lugha katika kiwango cha kimsamiati na kisernantiki. Utafiti wetu umebaini kuwa, viwango hivi vinachimuza sifa zilizozungumziwa na Wana- Urasimu kama uajinabishaji au kufanya kazi ya kifasihi kuonekana kuwa ngeni, matumizi ya mbinu kadha za uwasilishaji na rnatumizi ya kipekee ya lugha. , Sura ya tano inahusu hitimisho la utafiti. Katika sehemu hii, tumerejelea mada ya utafiti huu na maswala ya kimsingi tuliyoyaelezea katika sura ya kwanza. Kutokana na matokeo ya uchanganuzi data yetu, tumerejelea nadharia tete zetu ili kuzikubali na pia tumetoa mahitimisho na mapendekezo ya utafiti wa baadaye.

One of the most common difficulties organizations face in strategic planning is turning their strategy and vision into reality. A new approach to strategic management was developed in the early 1990s. This new system was named the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The BSC is a management system that enables organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them into actions. This study set out to establish how KRA applied the BSC in implementing its strategies. The challenges faced and the benefits realized from applying the BSe. It was established that KRA adopted the BSC in its second corporate strategy and has continued to use it in implementing its strategies. It was also establish that KRA constructs its corporate BSC from its corporate strategy. The BSC is then cascaded down the organizational hierarchy. However the study established that KRA faces a challenge in BSC cascading. KRA has realized several benefits from using the BSe. Among these benefits include the improved appreciation and understanding of KRA vision and strategy. KRA BSC adoption is helping a great deal in institutionalizing planning in KRA and making KRA a strategy focused organization. For KRA to fully utilize the BSC, the issues that emerged from this research as indicated in the recommendation part of this study should be addressed. URI

The study examined the problems associated with transition of armed forces personal into civilian life. The study made use of extensive interviews with retired military personnel diverse in both rank: and age and covered several counties. This study covers retirees who left service between 1990 and 2003. The research recognises the excellent role played by the defence forces and the exposure not only at the local scene but at both regional and international level. However, despite the many years of training and exposure these officers and men transition to a civilian life without due preparation and find themselves in a murky world. They remain dejected and jobless. The question is, can the defence forces or government develop a friendly exist strategy? The author further recognizes that a continuum of conflict theories come to play during this study. However, the researcher settled on the conflict theory espoused by Karl Max. It is thus emerging that, retired military personnel indeed go through traumatising moments in their retirement and are indeed a potential source of both danger and conflict in ( the society. It is also noted that their comrades in the barracks exhibit lukewarm relationship. It is therefore argued that the defects that exist in the institutional structures be addressed. The researcher also recommends the downsizing (demobilisation) of the present defence forces to a reasonable and effective levels.

The objective of this study was to identify the challenges that companies listed at the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) and are eligible for cross listing in the regional exchanges face, and the benefits that accrue or are realizable upon cross listing. Past research has mainly focused on the impediments to listing at the NSE and the benefits accruing to firms listed at the NSE. It might be of interest to establish what challenges and benefits are there in cross listing regionally, Research in different markets has also come out with different results in addition to highlighting that there are in majority of cases, net benefits that accrue to firms that cross list. Regional cross listing has performed dismally since the time the NSE started trading some 54 years ago and since 2001 when the first Kenyan company cross listed, and with only a further two companies cross listing into the regional exchanges, namely the Uganda Securities exchange and the Dar es Salaam Stock exchange thereafter. This is despite about 40 being listed on the main investment market segment and therefore meeting the main eligibility requirement for cross listing regionally. This would portend there are issues or challenges that eligible NSE listed companies have faced. The study used prunary data collected through questionnaires administered to respondents from 40 targeted eligible NSE listed companies. The response rate for the questionnaires administered was 60%.The data analysis procedure involved the tabulation of the responses such as the factors considered by the respondent companies to be challenges and impediments to regional cross listing. Data was also presented using tables from coded questionnaires and means, and their rankings were used to analyze and present the findings. From the study, the firms' need to attain an increased market visibility, the ability to finance growth and development out of cross listing initiative, having an improved firm's image and status, and attaining desired liquidity of company shares, are the main challenges for eligible NSE listed companies seeking regional cross listing at the Dar es Salaam and Uganda Stock exchanges. The research findings reveal that the other challenges firms listed in the Main investment market segment consider or encounter in order of ranked importance include: the development of strategic alliances and, meeting shareholder requirements. However, tax incentives, governance and capital structure issues, received low ratings in the importance of challenges. In the case of benefits realizable, those highly rated were attaining an improved corporate image and prestige, acceptance and recognition of company brand across the region, and attaining a wider capital base. With the demystifying of the perception that major bottlenecks exist and hardly any significant net benefits accrue from cross listing, more eligible companies should cross list regionally in order to reap the benefits of cross listing.

Despite the enactment of an elaborate framework to regulate the handling of used lead-acid batteries in Kenya, the country has witnessed numerous cases of lead poisoning and pollution stemming from the handling of these batteries leading to serious health complications, loss of lives and property and, significant degradation of the environment. This study sought to examine why handlers of used lead-acid batteries in Kenya are unable to prevent and mitigate cases of lead pollution and poisoning arising from the collection, transportation, disposal and recycling of used lead-acid battery despite the existence of a robust regulatory framework. Specifically, the study sought to identify the obstacles that hinder compliance with regulatory obligations relating to the handling of used lead-acid batteries. The study was conducted under the rationalist compliance theory which provides a basis for firms’ compliance with laws and is a valuable optic for observing and comprehending behavior that drives compliance as well as reasons for those behaviors. The study was conducted using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative aspects of the study were based on a survey of 5 scrap metal dealers and 22 motor vehicle owners in Viwandani ward in Makadara sub-county of Nairobi City within the Republic of Kenya. The qualitative aspect was based on in-depth interviews with key informants from the National Environment Management Authority in Kenya and with key informants from the Associated Battery Manufacturers Limited, the only licensed enterprise by the National Environment Management Authority to recycle used lead acid batteries. A content analysis of the legal framework governing the recyling of used lead-acid batteries was also conducted to identify any gaps in the framework. The data collected was edited, coded, classified and tabulated in an excel sheet in preparation for analysis. The analysis was then presented in the form of pie-charts. The results revealed that awareness of the regulatory obligations and technological constraints constitute the greatest obstacles to the compliance with regulatory obligations relating to the handling of used lead-acid batteries. Inadequate enforcement also seems to play some role in noncompliance. In addition, the regulatory framework governing the handling of used lead-acid batteries, does not extend the responsibility of manufacturers of used lead-acid batteries to collect and recycle the batteries. Further, the framework does not contain any provision that would encourage or motivate consumers of lead-acid batteries to collect and return the batteries to the manufacturer or a recycler. The national environment management authority pursuant to its mandate under section 9(2)(m) of the Environmental Management and Coordination Act, 1999 may wish to consider developing and rolling-out a programme to sensitize handlers of used leadacid batteries such as scrap metal dealers, owners of motor vehicles and recyclers of used leadacid batteries about the hazards of these batteries as well as environmentally sound ways of collecting, transporting, disposing and recycling of the ULABs. Secondly, since environmental regulatory programs typically require significant capital expenditures for technologically complex..............

This research looks at youth identities in an urbanizing and ethnically fragmented society like Kenya. The objective of the research is to see whether ethnic identities are constructed by circumstance and are not innate and fixed. The justification for the research is to explore a new approach to nationalism that is grounded on an overarching and unifying philosophy that transcends ethnic identities. The research was informed by the constructionist theory of ethnic formation which asserts that human beings construct their identities contrary to the primodialist thinking that ethnic identities are innate and determined. The research used secondary data from a youth survey conducted by the Agha Khan East African institute. The Youth survey had adopted a descriptive survey design that used face to face interviews. The survey interviewed 1,800 respondents from every region in Kenya. Sample sizes per region were calculated by application of the population proportion size method using Kenya 2009 census figures. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The researcher sought permission from the Agha Khan East African Institute to use their data. Findings showed that environment in urban and rural Kenya are quite different especially in the amounts and quality of information the youth are exposed to. The study also found that the youth identify themselves variously as Kenyans, young people, children of God/Allah, by family and tribe in that order. These findings are consistent with the constructionist theory that identities are constructed. The findings also infer that a national identity can be constructed through public policy. The study urges the Kenyan government to use deliberate socialization policies to inculcate a sense of nationalism by using narratives that transcend ethnic identities.

This study aims to establish the relationship between public sector corruption and government expenditure in Kenya. Whereas it is widely agreed in literature that corruption is a constraint to economic development and economic growth, the link between public expenditure and corruption is widely ignored especially in Kenya. The main focus of previous studies has been to link corruption to economic growth or public expenditure to economic growth. By recognizing that corruption influences budgetary composition and it targets sectors that are susceptible to high bribes, this study answers the question of how corruption influences public expenditure. We use a case study of Kenya because on average, it is the 23rd most corrupt country in the world as per Transparency International statistics that range from 1998 to 2017. Equally public expenditure is on the rise. Using time series data that ranges between 1984 and 2016, we analyze six long-run regression models where expenditure in education, defense/military, health, social protection, infrastructure and energy are dependent variables. Corruption, rate of urbanization, government expenditure, real GDP and tax income are used as explanatory variables. We conclude that corruption influences general public expenditure in Kenya. In addition, education and infrastructure sectors are significantly affected by corruption. Other sectors (energy, health, social and defense) are only influenced positively by corruption but this effect is not significant. These results are affirmed by an alternative long-run model, ARDL.

The management of strategic change undertaken by companies improves service delivery quality and impact. In order to minimize environmental change, institutions continue to restructure their methods. Organizations want to maintain their strategy and structure because they are resistant to change. Organizational transformation finds better options to use skills and resource to boost the company's productive capacity and increase stakeholder return. The study's overall goal was to determine the impact of change management methods on service delivery in Nairobi County, Kenya, for logistics companies. Porter's theory and the Service Quality Theory were used in this research.. Cross-sectional design was adopted in this study. This research focused on 100 logistics companies in Nairobi. The survey's intended audience consisted of company presidents and CEOs. Multiple linear regressions and correlation analyses were used to conduct a thorough evaluation. According to the findings, logistics companies have adopted a significant amount of diversification and innovation strategy but only a small amount of differentiation and focus strategy. The research found a link between service delivery and change management practices. There is a strong correlation between change management tactics and the quality of service, hence the study model used is important. According to the findings of the research, the firm should have policies and processes that encourage significant employee involvement, comprehension, and dedication to the company's vision, purpose, and goals.