When learning anew programming language,you don’t yet have the experience to judge how well it will serve you in the long run. If you’re considering learning Python, let meassure youth at this is a good choice. One key reason is that Python is afull-spectrum language. What do I mean by this? Some languages are very good for beginners. They hold your hand and make programming super easy. We can go to the extreme and look at visual languages such as Scratch. In Scratch, youget blocks that represent programming concepts like variables, loops, method calls, and soon, and you drag and drop them on avisual surface. Scratch may be easy to get started with for sim13 Contents pleprograms, but you can not build professional applications with it. Name one Fortune 500 company that powers its core business logic with Scratch. Come up empty ?Me too, because that would be insanity.

Looks like we have a lot of reasons to maintain and repair our computers! This is NOT how to fix your computer! We have all been there, even me! Trust me, it just makes it worse! So what are the enemies of your computer? You Heat Dust Viruses Malware So, time for some Geek Terms! You The end user of your computer! The person that will click on just about anything on the Internet because it is there! Heat External case temperature should always be below 27*C (80*F), with the best temperatures around 18*C (65*F). Dust Consists of particles in the atmosphere that come from various sources such as soil dust lifted by weather, volcanic eruptions, and pollution. Dust in homes, offices, and other human environments contains small amounts of plant pollen, human and animal hairs, textile fibers, paper fibers, minerals from outdoor soil, human skin cells, burnt meteorite particles and many other materials which may be found in the local environment. Computer Viruses A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability. Viruses are generally meant to DAMAGE your computer! Malware Computer worms, ransomware, trojan horses, key loggers, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware, malicious BHOs(Browser Helper Objects) and other malicious software. The majority of active malware threats are usually trojans or worms rather than viruses. Malware is meant to get your information, hold you hostage, spy on you and generally annoy you! So how do we fix these problems? We'll take each one on its own! You! Information! Information! Information! You are not infected until you click on the add that says you are INFECTED! Which brings me to the first of four programs that I use to keep all of my computers running in tip top shape! Ccleaner Ccleaner is free! They have a paid version

Heat stress is a major stressor of dairy livestock production nearly everywhere in the globe, and it is only going to get worse as the world gets warmer. The aim of the study was to map areas where dairy cattle are susceptible to experiencing heat stress under current and future projected climatic conditions in Uganda. The specific objectives included (i) Investigate the trend of heat stress for dairy cattle during the current and future periods, (ii) Map areas and dairy cattle are at risk of exposure to heat stress under current and future climate conditions, and (iii) Determine adaptation strategies and options for the impact of heat stress across the dairy value chain. The study follows a transdisciplinary approach by leveraging geoinformation techniques. Using ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset for the historical period (1981-2010) and for two periods in the future (2021-2050 and 2071-2100) climate predictions of ten global circulation models (GCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenarios. This study demonstrates a significant rise in the historical prevalence of severe heat stress in dairy cattle (p<0.05) over time in 38 percent of the country. Much of the significant rise is concentrated in the country's northern and central regions. Under future climate conditions, simulations under both RCP scenarios predicted that the country would gradually deteriorate to increasingly severe conditions. On average, milk decline due to heat stress is anticipated to be 2.3 and 15.6 kg milk/year/dairy cow for 2021-2050 and 2071-2100 respectively based on RCP 8.5. Even though dairy farmers are already adapting to heat stress, future heat stress management techniques will necessitate informed climate smart technologies aiming at embedding resilience in current dairy production systems. The findings of this study are concerning, mainly because they show that the effects of heat stress have a substantial effect on Uganda's dairy production systems. The results can be utilized to assist stakeholders in the livestock industry in creating policies that are supported by data and planning, as well as to direct resource allocation in the industry toward the development of adaptable and flexible production systems that can survive future heat stress.

Abstract

Increasing human populations and changes in land use have brought increased competition for space and resources between people and wildlife in the Amboseli Ecosystem. Among the large mammal species, elephants are one of the most vulnerable to land use change due to their home range and seasonal migrations. The ensuing interactions due to sharing resources are frequently negative and the individuals involved progressively develop negative attitudes towards elephants, viewing them as a risk to their survival. The aim of this research was to assess some of the factors driving human-elephant conflict in Imbirikani Group Ranch for improved management and coexistence of elephants and local communities. The specific drivers analyzed were land use and cover (LULC) changes as well as human perceptions toward human-elephant coexistence. LULC changes were analyzed in a 32-year epoch from 1981 to 2019 from Landsat images for 1987, 1999, 2013 and 2019. The data was analyzed through supervised classification with QGIS 3.12 using the maximum likelihood classification algorithm. Percentages of land area were computed to make comparisons of the changes in LULC over time. In addition, a multistage sampling design was applied whereby the study area was divided into strata based on the administrative sub-locations. Household survey was conducted on 320 sampled households selected through a multistage sampling design and primary data gathered by interviewing selected households through semi-structured questionnaires. The households were interviewed on the held attitudes and perceptions on the nature and extent of human elephant conflicts. Further, field visits and observatory data were gathered to unveil farms and property damages caused by Elephants. Focus group discussions were also carried out to gain more insights on available resources mapping and human elephant conflict. Collected data were summarized by descriptive statistics including frequencies and arithmetic means and results presented based on thematic areas such as types of conflict, seasonality of attacks, crops affected, and costs of HEC incidences. A logistic regression model was generated to assess explanatory power of variables while Pearson’s chi-squared tests were computed to establish associations between hypothesized independent variables and the dependent variable of attitudes toward elephant conservation. Shrublands experienced the highest change with a steady decrease of almost 30% over the study period. Bareland increased by 16%. Grassland increased by 7.51%. Woodlands experienced a decline of 11.2%. Irrigated agriculture showed an increase of 12.48%. Crop raiding was the most prevailing form of HEC with the behaviour of raiding elephants being described as habitual from specific elephant groups and nocturnal. The type of crop grown was the most significant predictor for HEC. Education level, gender and location had a significant influence on perceptions and attitudes toward human-elephant coexistence (p = 0.0132, p = 0.0037 and p > 0.0001, respectively). Age (p = 0.1377) and type of livelihood (p = 0.1272) had no significant relationship with the participants’ perceptions and attitudes. Additionally, 61% believed elephants were beneficial but 82% felt bad about free roaming wildlife while the majority, 61%, had a negative attitude toward wildlife authorities. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of conflicts, cost implications and nature of crop raiding behaviour in addition to community knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions on the same, should be integrated into management decisions to guide planning of conservation interventions. Integrated spatial planning and land use zoning should be executed in collaboration with the community. Moreover, elephant repellent crops should be grown in HEC hotspot areas and mechanisms to disincentivize agricultural expansion in wildlife habitats and movement corridors established for improved conflict mitigation.

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are a subclass of denial of service (DoS) attacks. A DDoS attack involves multiple connected online devices, collectively known as a botnet, which are used to overwhelm a target website with fake traffic. In June 2022 Cloudflare reported detecting and mitigating a 26 million RPS DDoS attack on an unnamed client’s website. This report was made by the Hadess About Trend Methods for DDos and data comes from various sources such as: Cloud Provider, Dark Web , Deep Web Forums, Sellers and etc.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is a key vegetable in Kenya, listed as second most economically important in the horticultural industry. The production of tomatoes has greatly been affected by bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Losses to 100% have been reported in both greenhouse and open fields growing conditions. Most of the bacterial wilt management strategies in place have not provided effective, safe and sustainable solution. Therefore, this study contributes, to sustainable tomato production by the use of Trichoderma species as an alternative method of managing bacterial wilt. The study determined antagonistic activity of Trichoderma species from different habitats against Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro and evaluated their efficacy in managing bacterial wilt of tomato at field level. Trichoderma species were isolated and identified from different soil habitats of Karura forest, compost, manure, coffee, and tomato fields. The dominant Trichoderma species were Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma asperellum and antagonistic check performed using dual plate technique against Ralstonia solanacearum. The antagonistic ability of the Trichoderma species was determined by measuring the growth radius as a percentage. The field experiments were further conducted in a randomized complete design (RCBD) replicated four times in three greenhouses at Naivasha, Mirera area. The treatments included; isolated Trichoderma asperellum, isolated Trichoderma harzianum, combination of isolated Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma harzianum, plots with no applications, commercial Trichoderma harzianum, commercial Trichoderma asperellum, combination of commercial Trichoderma harzianum and commercial Trichoderma asperellum. The isolated Trichoderma species were mass multiplied by growing in sterilized sorghum grains. The already infested greenhouse soil was re-inoculated with isolated Ralstonia solanacearum to ensure uniform pathogen levels. This was isolated from infected tomato plants and introduced one week earlier at 35 ml per pot and properly mixed to ensure uniformity. Trichoderma application was done at the transplanting stage of a greenhouse tomato variety Anna F1, and two more applications after every two weeks. The bacterial wilt incidence and severity assessment was then done weekly and yield data recorded based on physiological maturity of the tomato crops. The laboratory in vitro work indicated that the habitats with high organic matter and fewer disturbances in terms of cultivation had high Trichoderma presence. The habitats had a xii total of 42 Trichoderma harzianum isolates and nine Trichoderma asperellum. Trichoderma harzianum were 15 and four Trichoderma asperellum from forest habitat while three Trichoderma asperellum and 10 Trichoderma harzianum from compost habitat. The other habitats also had similar Trichoderma isolates with low frequency. Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma harzianum from the forest and compost habitats had the highest percentage inhibition in vitro. In greenhouse conditions, treatments with Trichoderma asperellum or Trichoderma harzianum at P ≤ 0.05 had significant reduction of bacterial wilt incidence and severity as compared to the plots with no applications done. The Trichoderma species combinations treatments had no significant difference from the single Trichoderma species applications at P ≤ 0.05. The incidence and severity of Ralstonia solanacearum were greatly reduced hence better yields in the Trichoderma treated plots. The results indicated that Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma asperellum were efficient in managing bacterial wilt in tomatoes an adoptable alternative management solution to bacterial wilt in tomatoes.

Globally, effective communication channels have played an imperative role in the dissemination of critical information to farmers. However, dismal attention has been given to the access of such information communication channels in disseminating information to farmers in the developing world, especially information on Fall Army Worms (FAW) pest attacks. This study, sought to assess the effectiveness of information communication channels used in information dissemination on Fall Army Worms in maize production amongst farmers in Lugari-Kakamega County, Kenya. It was guided by three objectives: (i) To determine socio-demographic factors that influence information access on control of Fall Army Worms by maize farmers; (ii) To analyze farmer’s perception on access of mass media channels disseminating Fall Army Worm information; and (iii) To assess farmer’s perception on access of inter-personal communication channels disseminating Fall Army Worm information. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design guided by the diffusion of innovations theory.The study applied a purposive sampling technique to identify participant farmers. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected through key informant’s interviews, pre-tested questionnaires and focused group discussions. The study arrived at three conclusions. First, social economic factors play key roles in farmers’ access to information concerning FAW through Television and mobile phones. Improving access to education could increase farmer access to agriculture information such as the management of FAW. Equally, increasing access to wage employment can improve farmer’s access to information concerning the management of FAW. The second conclusion is that radio, phone messages and television were the most effective communication channels for FAW information. There should be policy support towards access to radio, phone and television coverage in order to increase farmer’s access to FAW management practices. Lastly, interpersonal communication channels such as agro dealers and peers play key roles in transmitting information for the management of FAW. Therefore, farmer groups and interaction should be encouraged. xi The study therefore recommends the County government to enhance future dissemination of FAW information via radio, for mass media channels and fellow farmers, for interpersonal channels in both local dialects and Kiswahili languages. Additionally, there is need for re-tooling of extension agents, lead farmers, seed companies and agro-input-dealers on modern methods of FAW control and management

Low crop yields due to erratic rainfall and deteriorating soil fertility in smallholder farmers’ fields of Sub-Saharan Africa have prompted a quest for more resource-efficient production practices. In-situ water harvesting technologies have been proposed as climate-smart agriculture coping mechanisms to alleviate these problems, however, their full potential has not been realized. A study was undertaken to evaluate selected in-situ water harvesting technologies and fertilizer on nutrients uptake, use efficiency, and yield of maize and beans at Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) in Katumani, Machakos County for two seasons; short rain (SR) 2019 and long rain (LR) 2020. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split-split plot arrangement, replicated three times with in-situ rainwater harvesting technologies as the main plots, fertilizer inputs as the split plots, and cropping systems as the split-split plots. In-situ rainwater harvesting technologies comprised: Zai pits, Ngolo pits, contour furrows, and conventional tillage. Fertilizer inputs included: Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) (18:46:0) fertilizer, goat manure, a mixture of DAP + goat manure and control. Cropping systems were: sole maize, sole beans, and maize-bean intercrop. Data was collected on soil nutrient status, soil moisture content, yield, nutrient uptake, and use efficiency. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and mean differences determined at p ≤ 0.05 significance level using GenStat software 15th Edition. During the SR 2019, soil moisture, maize, and beans yields, nutrient (N and P) uptake and uses efficiency were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased by in-situ rainwater harvesting technologies, fertilizer types, and cropping systems. Overall soil moisture content was higher in Zai pits (27.3 cm3 cm-3 ) followed by contour furrows (22.6 cm3 cm-3 ), Ngolo pits (20.8 cm3 cm-3 ) and lowest in conventional tillage (19.1 cm3 cm-3 ). Ngolo pits recorded higher maize and beans yields of 4.5 and 1.6 t ha-1 and above-ground biomass of 7.43 and 1.49 t ha-1 , respectively. Application of 100 kg ha-1 DAP increased maize and beans grain yield by 44.9 and 62.3%, and 58.2 and 56.2% in maize and beans above-ground biomass; respectively, compared to control. The highest N, P, and K uptake in maize grain were 67.8, 48.2 and 24.9 kg ha-1 and 47.2, 14.5, and 64.5 kg ha-1 in stover, respectively, recorded under Ngolo pits, whereas the lowest N, P and K contents in grain were 19.5, 25.7, and 9.5 kg ha-1 and 19.3, 5.37 and 16.8 kg ha-1 in Stover, respectively recorded under conventional tillage treatment. Higher N and P use efficiency of 39.1 and 40.1 kg grain per kg N and P ha-1 , respectively, were realized under Ngolo pits treated with 100 kg ha-1 DAP fertilizer. In the LR 2020, the application of 100 kg ha-1 DAP resulted in a 71.4% and 56% maize grain and biomass increase compared to control. Intercropping maize and beans increased grain yield significantly (p ≤ 0.05) by 10.3 and 29.4% compared to sole maize and sole beans. N, P and K contents were highest under Ngolo pits following application of 100 kg ha-1 DAP. Maize and beans subjected to application of 100 kg ha-1 DAP under Ngolo pits recorded the highest N and P use efficiency at 21.1 and 26.4 kg grain kg N and P ha-1 . The results of the study show that yield response to in-situ water harvesting technologies and fertilizer was influenced by soil moisture availability, N and P uptake, and use efficiency. Ngolo pits in combination with fertilizer performed better compared to conventional tillage under no fertilizer inputs. The results demonstrate the potential of integrating Ngolo pits and DAP fertilizer at the rate of 100 kg ha-1 in improving the yield of maize and beans and resource use efficiency in semi-arid areas. Key words: In-situ rainwater harvesting technologies, Ngolo pits, Zai pits, Nutrient uptake, Nutrient use efficiency

Preserving road network requires a coordinated approach for good performance and efficient movement of goods and services. The road construction materials and design have great influence on future road conditions and maintenance scenarios. Weather changes and increase in traffic loads have exposed pavements to major distresses such as rutting, potholes, fatigue cracking, and temperature cracking. These forms of pavement failure cause traffic congestion, loss of man hour, increase in wear and tear of the vehicle and increase in road accidents. There is loss of money in frequent road repairs, vehicle repairs and treatment to the injured persons. Therefore, there is need to increase the load-bearing capacities of road pavements. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of sisal-plastic modified asphalt concrete for road pavements. The properties of modified gap graded asphalt concrete was evaluated through characterization of asphalt concrete mixes modified using sisal fibre and waste plastics. Sisal fibre and plastic wastes were used as asphalt concrete stabilizers and modifiers respectively to enhance stability against bitumen drain down, bleeding and cracking. Clean waste plastics were cut into small sizes so as to pass through 2-3 mm sieve using shredding machine. The aggregate used in preparation of gap graded asphalt (GGA) were sizes 20-6mm for stone matrix asphalt (SMA) concrete and 12-6mm for open graded asphalt (OGA) concrete. The respective aggregate mix was heated and the waste plastics effectively coated over the aggregate. Sisal fibre was cut into 5 mm long threads, treated using sodium hydroxide solution and mixed with hot bitumen. The waste plastic coated aggregate was mixed with the mixture of treated sisal fibre and bitumen. Sisal fibre treated in 0.5N solution of sodium hydroxide makes sisal fibre become less porous with high density thus making more rigid asphalt concrete mix. The treatment improves the adhesion due to increase in surface tension and surface roughness. The asphalt concrete mix samples were analyzed for various engineering properties to assess their suitability for road pavement construction. The samples were subjected to different performance tests, namely, Marshall Test, drain down test and indirect tensile strength test. Using the Marshall procedure, the optimum additive contents were determined as 0.3% for sisal fibre and 5% for waste plastics in asphalt concrete mixes respectively. The Optimum Binder Content (OBC) values determined were 5.5% and 6.5% for open graded asphalt (OGA) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA) respectively. The stability test result values for both gap graded asphalt (GGA) concrete were 11.8kN and 12.8kN when modified with sisal fibre and waste plastics respectively. However, when sisal and plastics were both used, the stability values recorded were 13.6kN and 12.9kN for sisal-plastic modified OGA and sisal-plastic modified SMA respectively. The tensile strength test value determined was 1.23MPa for both sisal-plastic modified gap graded asphalt concrete. The tensile strength ratio was 99.9% while bitumen drain down value determined was 0% for both sisal-plastic modified gap graded asphalt concrete. A mathematical model was developed to predict the tensile strength of sisal-plastic modified asphalt concrete. The model was found to be adequate with 97.5% confidence level. A model road pavement consisting of control section and sisal-plastic modified were constructed. There was no bleeding, rutting, cracking or aggregate loss observed on modified