“Whenever we irrigate our crops with the scheme water, even the previously well-established crops starts wilting,” Farmers at Agoro irrigation scheme claimed. The main objective was to investigate the quality of water and soil at the scheme. Laboratory method of analysis was used and data were obtained based on experiments. For the first and second sets of the experiment, the average values for the parameters for samples at source were; Electrical Conductivity- 0.855dS/m, Nitrates- 4.22mg/l, Chlorides- 2.945mg/l, Boron- 0.52mg/l, Sodium- 0.31me/l and SAR- 0.546. For samples at reservoir; Electrical Conductivity- 2.43dS/m, Nitrates- 4.14mg/l, Chlorides- 1.64mg/l, Boron- 0.63mg/l, Sodium- 0.314me/l and SAR- 0.529. For samples taken from three points along the canal, the results were; Electrical Conductivity- 2.285dS/m, Nitrates-3.85mg/l, Chlorides-2.21mg/l, Boron-0.58mg/l, Sodium-0.313me/l and SAR-0.511. The soil samples taken from 19 plots were investigated for pH and electrical conductivity before and after applying water into it and averaged. The pH values for plots were grouped in ranges of acceptance as; 6-8.5 for plots M, L, T, R, N, A, J, P, O, G, H, Q, B, C and F. pH in the range of non-acceptance as >8.6 for plots D, K and S. The Electrical Conductivity values were grouped in a range of 0.8-3 dS/m which restricts growth of some crops and all plots were within that range. Salinity problem maybe originating from the reservoir as the EC values showed. The water from canal which comes from the reservoir has an effect on the soil since both the pH and the EC values increased when water was applied.

In this dissertation, I examine the secondary schools‟ preparedness to receive teenage mothers back following child birth in Ruhaama County, Ntungamo district. I studied Nyakyera secondary school, Kitwe secondary school, Rukoni secondary school and Ruhaama secondary school. The focus of the study was; to examine how schools have prepared the teachers and learners to receive teenage mothers back in school; assess the role of head teachers in complying with the school re-entry guidelines, and; explore the challenges faced by schools in preparation to receive teenage mothers in Ruhaama County, Ntungamo district. The study utilized a largely qualitative research approach. Data was collected from head teachers, teachers, current students and teenage mothers. I interviewed a total of 4 headteachers, 15 teachers, 4 students/learners in Nyakyera secondary school, Rukoni Secondary School, Ruhaama secondary school and Kitwe secondary school. I conducted in-depth interviews with the head teachers and teachers, Key Informant interviews with the headteachers and also reviewed relevant documents. The study adopted a case study design. The target population was 4 secondary schools, 4 head teachers, 15 teachers and 4 learners. Data collected were organized in thematic categories according to the study objectives and then analyzed thematically. During interviews, teachers and head teachers revealed that they allowed teenage mothers to rejoin at the level they left at, provide letters of transfer, support to teenage mothers such as providing counseling services, extra classes during weekends have been put in place by schools to ensure that teenage mothers get the best academic environment on their readmission to their respective schools. The study revealed that schools face some challenges such as high cost of maintaining teenage mothers at school, low parental involvement in the readmission of teenage mothers, lack of awareness of reentry guidelines by some schools and no child care facilities. In conclusion, interactions with school head teachers, teachers and teenage mothers suggest that despite several challenges of maintaining the welfare of these students in school, schools are ready to receive and maintain teenage mothers in school. Incidentally some of the challenges are largely specific issues such as high cost of maintaining teenage mothers at school, low parental involvement in the readmission of teenage mothers, lack of awareness of reentry guidelines by some schools and no child care facilities. Despite the general preparedness, it is important that to address some of the critical challenges, schools should strengthen the counselling program in the formal school system. The Ministry of Education should ensure that annual training in counselling skills is provided for all counselling staff in schools.

Children less than 5 years worldwide are known to be vulnerable and susceptible in many aspects of life. Malnutrition among children remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. In Uganda, malnutrition is one of the most serious public health problem and the biggest in the world. The objective of this study was to assess household food security and nutrition situation and associated factors in Apoi subcounty Apac district. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 120 households with the index child aged 6-59 months. Data was collected through qualitative and quantitative approaches using pretested semi-structured questionnaires and focused group discussion guides. Random sampling was used to sample households. Nutritional status was analyzed using weight-for-age, weight-for-height and height-forage z-scores of WHO (2006) and mid-upper arm circumference. Food coping strategies and socio-economic status were analyzed using the ideas discussed from the focused group discussions SPSS Nutrisurvey, ENA for SMART software were used for data analysis. The mean household size was with Male-headed households were 30% and women headed were 70. The main source of household income was casual labor and 75% of that income was spent on food. About 90% of households lived below one dollar per capita income per day. The mean household dietary diversity score was 6.2(SD=0.9) with 98% of households consuming more than 4 food groups. Global and severe acute malnutrition prevalence were 5.1 % and 0.5% respectively. Underweight and stunting prevalence were 14.2% and 30% respectively. Majority of the households used unsafe water. Morbidity experiences were high with acute respiratory infections being most prevalent followed by febrile illness and diarrhea. Increase in income was associated with increase in household dietary diversity (p<0.05). Larger households were more food insecure than smaller households (p<0.01). No individual measure captured all dimensions of food security and a suite of indicators are used to cover the different dimensions of food security. Although the dietary diversity in Apoi is high, it does not translate into adequate nutrient intake in the households probably because the amounts are inadequate. Using the food record, majority of the households are food insecure while acute and chronic malnutrition is at alert and serious levels respectively. Furthermore, food security and economic growth do not necessarily translate to improved nutrition. Therefore, a multispectral approach that will address household dynamics, health and sanitation is necessary to improve nutritional status in Apac district Conclusion. This study indicated that child malnutrition was high among children below 5 years of age. Large family size had inadequate meals compared to smaller families.

The study aimed at assessing the role of community driven development (CDD) on the empowering the youth. The study sought to find out the different CDD sub-projects; the approaches and methods in implementing CDD; the knowledge and skills utilization; Impact of CDD on youth‟s attitudes and behaviors change towards development and how it addressed youth challenges; and challenges faced during the CDD implementation for youth empowerment. The research methods used included among others descriptive cross-sectional study with a combination of qualitative and quantitative data methods. The area of the study was Akwang Sub-County, Kitgum District. The respondents of the study were the youth, local and the district leaders. The data collection techniques included the key informant interviews and/or in-depth interviews, questionnaires, FDGs, and documentary reviews covering two villages in each of the three parishes. The study findings revealed that the different CDD sub-projects carried out were brick making, training and teaching, football clubs, carpentry, agriculture, VSLA, poultry keeping and goats rearing. The study revealed that the approaches community uses were top down, bottom up, empowerment, and right based approaches respectively. The method identified were directive, non-directive, and integrated methods as mentioned by the youth. The skills utilization were mixed with the different CDD sub-projects. The study found out that the impact were creativity and innovation, sense of independence, self awareness, demands for further skills, carpentry works, and the challenges revealed by the study are poor education and training, inequality and exclusion, the cost of implementation, weak infrastructure, political interference, and land conflict. Evidently, with the different literature and the gaps cited in them, the most important contributions made by the study in fulfilling the gaps was that the development assistance should work for the benefit of youth (as target beneficiaries); with youth as partners; and be shaped by youth as leaders. The study showed that CDD does not cater to problems that are beyond the capacity of youth, because CDD is demand-driven, it tends to select communities that already have in kind commitments and planning capacity, this means that, in the absence of careful selection criteria, the poorest communities with limited capacity are crowded out. The process of CDD project sub-projects to reach approval or financial closure and receipts of funds lengthy and laborious. The District should provide practical vocational training to our youth to help reduce on the money oriented issues given as the CDD grants provisions by the District. There is need to improve and clarify the facilitation and funds released to local governments for CDD project implementation as well as improvement on the lack of adequate facilities to enable project implementation at the local government level.

This book is written for students who are studying law on courses ranging from ‘A’ and ‘AS’ level and BTEC through to a wide range of undergraduate degree courses. Students studying for law degrees will find much material which introduces them to most of the foundation subjects, as well as familiarising them with legal concepts, legal method, and many aspects of the English legal system. Apart from students enrolled on academic courses, it is hoped that this book will also be of interest to others who are fascinated by English law and the legal system. We live in a society in which everyday life is touched by legal regulation more than at any other period in history. Laws themselves are the result of intricate historical processes and of contemporary policies; those processes and policies are often controversial, and are themselves interesting and rewarding areas of study, helping us understand why our law takes the form that it does. For if we are to have law at all (and every known social group has had codes approximating to what we would recognise as law) then it must be responsive to the needs of society. If the law, or any part of the legal system, fails to respond to those needs, then it clearly becomes open to criticism. I see neither use nor virtue in presenting or studying law as if it were merely a package of rules; or in a way which suggests that there is nothing wrong with it. And if criticisms of the law lead to criticisms of the society whose law it is, then so be it. If the critical comments in this book have the effect of stimulating further thought and discussion on the part of the reader, then one objective, at least, will have been achieved. This, indeed, is one of the approaches taken in this book, the other being that law cannot properly be understood, and certainly ought not to be studied, in a way which fails to take account of the social, economic and political contexts out of which the law arises and in which it operates. Consequently, the reader will find that this book differs from most other law texts. I have tried to locate legal rules and institutions within the context of their historical background, taking into account the economic and political forces which have shaped – some might even say distorted – English law. To do this, I have incorporated, where appropriate, materials from disciplines other than that which is conventionally regarded as law.

Lactase deficiency is present in up to 15 % of persons of northern European descent, up to 80 % of blacks and Latinos, and up to 100 % of American Indians and Asians. About 78% of Africans have lactose Intolerance and 58% in Ugandans. Probiotic yogurt, comprised of a Fiti sachet containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Streptococcus thermophilus C106, has been used in the developing world, notably Africa, to alleviate malnutrition and disease. In sub-Saharan African countries, fermentation of cereals such as millet, is culturally significant. The aim of this study was to investigate milk fermentation capability of fermented finger millet extract when compared to commercially available yoghurt starter cultures. The objectives were: (i) to determine the time taken by the different yoghurt cultures to attain a pH of 4.5; (ii) to compare the efficiency of lactose fermentation of the locally made-culture and the commercial yoghurt cultures and (iii) to determine the shelf-life of yoghurt made by the different yoghurt cultures. The local culture was prepared from finger millet and the yoghurt samples were then made from the cultures. These yoghurt samples were the evaluated for shelf life tests, organoleptic tests and time taken for the attainment of a pH 4.5 in each of the cultures. Lactose content evaluation was carried out after a period of 24 hours for three days. Lactose reduced in all fermented products. After three days of observation, lactose content in yogurt made from fermented finger millet extract reduced to 1.4g/20mls compared to <0.5g/20mls in Danisco Yo-Mix and Hansen Yoflex commercial yoghurt starter cultures. Yoghurt produced from commercial starter cultures had the longest shelf life of up to three days compared to that from the fermented finger millet extract that lasted for only two days.

This dissertation assessed the effects of Divorce on Christian children Social behaviors a case study in Yambio County and also library research too. It majorly composed of targeting the Government authority, Church leaders‟ elders, local community leaders and NGOs who represented the entire population. The findings of this study revealed according to the objective one that, the causes of Divorce,government authority are not exercise its policies‟ and Law measures to restrict by not allow illegal/legal divorce certificate or demand a lot and charges in order to discourage divorces among marriage people in the community.The challenge the researcher found on ground was government authority are the very one assuring legal divorce certificate this motivate couples not value marriage union, Church leaders are not active in rebuilding their Christians with deepest understanding enough ofbiblical respond for important marriage union to the will of God and how God hate divorce for marriage couple with all this most of people doesn‟t have strong foundation for the purpose of marriage, Churches leaders, government leaders, Community leaders and NGOs are not coordinating among themselves to do more research and come up with good strategical policy that will minimize high rate of divorce in Yambio. According to the objective two of this study it finds that, the effects of divorce on children social behaviors, leads to psychological behaviors, Education problems, Emotional Trauma and prone to social behavior problems, this come as result of parents divorce lack of trustworthiness in marriage and important of children life, the study suggests measures to be taken to improve on Cause and effects of divorce on children social behaviors, Church leaders should imitate Christ‟s model of marriage union, government should restrict law, conditions and charge against any divorce to discourage habit of divorce, NGOs to rebuild more awareness and training to people on how children life‟s are important to God and nation. Hence it was so motivated that, the respondents were energetic as they expressed their concepts on cause and effects ofdivorce and this brings to one‟s mind that the childrenare going under chaotic life crisis, It finally recommends that, since divorce is a global problem, it is highly recommended that, parents are need to be sensitized, trained and modeled to be good parents to maintain hard life for children and this should continue to support future lifeof children so all parents should keep the marriage permanent and stable. This study recommends further study on various approaches to divorce children and as well as parents.

This study titled „‟Analysis of Filing systems of archival records in repositories. A case study of the Archives Repository, National Records Centre and Archive (NRCA)”was carried out from the National Records Centre and Archive. The aim of the study was to analyze filing systems at the Archive Repositories of the National Records Centre and Archive. This study was guided by three (03) research objectives; to analyze the current kinds of Filing systems at the Archives repository of the National Records Centre and Archive, to identify the challenges of Filing systems at the Archives repository of the National Records Centre and Archive, to propose possible measures to improve the Filing systems at the Archives repository of the National Records Centre and Archive. A cross sectional case study research design was used to obtain information from 12 selected respondents who included records officers as well as users of records in repositories. The study employed qualitative research methodologies during data collection, analysis and presentation. The study found out the records filing systems in the National Archives are stored both in paper and electronic format, while very little appears in digital/electronic format. This implied that much of the records are filed in paper format, with limited levels of automation and computerization, highlighting the underlying challenge of slow retrieval and access to the filed records as well as rampant cases of missing records. The study concluded the current filing system is a bit effective. With the current filing system, access and retrieval of records is done either manually or electronically depending on the form it is stored in. Information retrieval selects documents from a collection according to the presence or absence of keywords assigned by an indexer. The study recommended that more computers should be purchased and installed to facilitate the automation and computerization of student keeping and management; the computers should also be updated with modern and relevant programmes for financial records and Information management. The records management staff should also be trained further in the area of modern computer usage to enable faster and efficient filing, retrieval and access in the National Records Centre and Archive.