An experiment was set up to examine the effectiveness of papaya leaf extracts in controlling cabbage pests (aphids, diamond backmoth, cabbage head caterpillars) and diseases (black rot, downy mildew) on Gloria F1 cabbage variety. The effectiveness of papaya extracts as biostimulants on cabbage agronomic traits (leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, plant height) and yield were assessed. A completely randomized block design experiment with three treatments (150gl-1, 100gl-1, and 50gl-1) and a control were established at NaCRRI, Namulonge. There was a general reduction in the incidence and severity of cabbage pests and diseases with the higher pawpaw leaf extract concentrations being more effective. The concentration of 150gl-1 pawpaw leaf extract was the most effective concentration against cabbage pests and diseases. Furthermore, the concentration of 150gl-1 pawpaw leaf extract had the best effects on the agronomic traits (leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, plant height) and yield of cabbage (total yield and marketable cabbage heads). Generally, the concentration of 150gl-1pawpaw leaf extract (P=0.05) had no incidence of aphids and cabbage head caterpillars and a low incidence (P˂0.05) of diamondback moth relative to other treatments. The effectiveness of varying concentrations of pawpaw leaf extracts against cabbage diseases such as; black rot disease and downy mildew were determined on Gloria F1 variety. The concentration of 150gl-1pawpaw leaf extract (P=0.05) had the lowest incidence of black rot disease and downy mildew. The effectiveness of varying concentrations of pawpaw leaf extracts on different agronomic traits of cabbage was determined on Gloria F1 variety. The concentration of 150gl-1pawpaw leaf extract (P=0.05) led to the longest leaf length, widest leaf width and highest plant height relative to other treatments. Generally, all the treatments almost had similar number of leaves. Furthermore, the treatment of 150gl-1pawpaw leaf extract had the highest total yield and number of marketable cabbage heads. A study should be done on the effect of varying concentrations of pawpaw leaf extracts to determine their efficacy against other cabbage pests such as; cabbage white butterfly, cabbage lopper, cabbage cutworms and cross striped cabbage worm. An experiment should be conducted on the effect of varying concentrations of pawpaw leaf extracts on other cabbage diseases such as; bacterial soft rot, black leg, clubrot and alternaria leaf spot. A bio-chemical study should be done in the laboratory to establish the exact amounts of secondary metabolites in the 150gl-1pawpaw leaf extract inorder to come up with a commercial organic pawpaw leaf pesticide against vegetable pests.

The study aimed at developing a library preservation policy for St. Margrets College, Makerere. The objectives of the study were to; find out the various types of academic records preserved, assess the factors or enemies of academic records, investigate the existing academic records preservation methods, assess the current preservation policy guidelines, examine the requirements for implementing the preservation policy and guidelines for academic records and develop a preservation policy and guidelines for academic records at St. Margrets College, Makerere. A case study research design was used in the study while adopting a qualitative research approach of research in data collection; some aspects of quantitative research approach were used in data analysis and presentation. A sample size of 8 respondents were involved and these include the school bursar, school librarian, class teachers, secretary, director of studies and the Head Teacher were purposively selected to participate in the study. Interview, observation and document analysis methods of data collection were used in the study. The study established the various types of academic records amanaged at SMC, Makerere and these were; report cards, admission registers, attendance registers, syllabus/curriculum, teachers‟ record of work, punishment book, continuous assessment book, ministry of education and sports records, UNEB records, examination records, admission forms, disciplinary records. Majority of these records were paper based records though electronic records also esxisted. The findings also shows that the academic records are faced with a number of threats which can lead to deterioration of academic records which include; pests and other living organisms, dust and dirty, mishandling by the users, fire and water, high temperatures and humidity, poor quality of materials among others. The research revealed that St. Margrets College, Makerere manages a variety of academic records availed to both the students and teachers. The findings also show that the school uses different preservation techniques to protect the academic records from deteriorating at a very high rate. These techniques include; cleaning of shelves and the academic records on a daily basis, digitalisation of some records, covering windows, use of rat gum to trap pests, coating of shelves with acid free paint and so on. Staff at St. Margrets College, Makerere encountered different challenges in preservation of academic records. These challenges limit them from proper preservation of academic records and these include; inadequate space for materials, inadequate finance, limited equipments and many others. Preservation of academic records at St. Margrets College, Makerere is carried out right from the time of receiving the academic records, processing, shelving and dissemination of the materials in the school. The project established that this was not effective and requires guidelines to improve on the preservation of academic records. The study concluded that developing the preservation policy and guidelines for St. Margrets College, Makerere would help the staff preserve the academic records in the school. The recommendations for the study were; maximum care of academic records, formulating a preservation committee, training of the library staff, ensuring availability of funds for preservation of academic records, using acid free boxes and follow up on the use of materials.

This research study was set to investigate the contributions of culture towards high levels of poverty in Matugga Sub County, Wakiso District. The study was carried out from Matugga because of the increasing poverty levels and also that the place is familiar. This study was guided by questions such as; what are the factors causing poverty in your region? Is it the government that has accelerated poverty in your region? How has poverty affected the people in your region? How has the government tried to curb poverty in your region? The research study found out that poverty in Matugga is being caused by number of Factors and these include, Low levels of education, Lack of good infrastructures such as roads, increasing population growth, corruption, acute lack of employment among others. During the study 50% of the respondents believed that the government has not accelerated poverty in Matugga, while 44% blamed the government for the scourge and the 6% were not sure. The study also found out that a number of social-economic effects have been inflicted on the people by poverty. These include school dropouts, lack of basic Facilities such as shelter, Food, Clothes, and Beddings among others, Domestic violence, illegal activities and many others. Basing on the findings the Following have been recommended to control poverty in Matugga Sub County. Reinforcing the NAADS, Modernizing agriculture, Stabilization of prices for agricultural products, check on Corruption and Embezzlement, Provision soft loans, Regulating the general price level in the country (control inflation}, Diversification of agriculture among others.

This internship was carried out from Timothy Orphanage Home under Kids Care Ministries located in Nyendo Mukungwe Division Kirinda village Masaka (City) in ten weeks period from 01st/June to 9th/August/2023, it works in orphans and vulnerable people from the villages that surrounds it giving them free welfare services like education, counselling services, shelter, food, free medication and other charitable works, it is located 450 meters off the main road of Masaka Kampala near roundabout of Kampala stage opposite Total Fuel station mukude road and 90 meters off Masaka Kalangala main road using Notre Dame school bypass. The objectives of doing it were; to be provided with an opportunity to correlate the knowledge I got from class with the practice in the field as the intention for my University which I have tried out and with opportunities to secure employment in this Agency, my personal objectives were; (1) To engage in counseling and guidance, (2) in possible assessments/research projects as they are done by the Agency, (3) Indulging in office practices with a need to gain office experience and (4) To teach skills that I know and share biblical knowledge to orphanage children The activities that I engaged in were; (1) Counselling and Guidance to teenagers, to vulnerable people, and to children care takers, (2) carrying out assessments in project works (3) engaging in office practices like writing reports, data entry and others and (4) sharing biblical knowledge and teaching different skills like liquid soap making and others to orphanage children. Achievements that I (1) reached were; I taught skills to almost 90 children the Orphanage and community children, (2) I made a general assessment report on the major needs of people in communities served by the medical outreach program of the Agency and other reports to help on its planned projects, and (3) I carried out counselling and guidance to more than 100 people both the onsite and people in communities we reached and other achievements Finally, I acquired lessons and skills like; how to operate some office machines the printers, photocopiers and others, I gained experience and skills in writing simple project reports, there is an attached copy to show, I learnt some easy community mobilization skills and other lessons however I experienced some challenges like; making mistakes in office practices, receiving too much minor works, less transport costs and others but I also managed to get solutions to them all.

The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda in 1995 holds the position of being the highest law of the land, thus prohibiting any other legislation from contradicting it. Chapter four of this constitution addresses the safeguarding and advancement of fundamental rights and freedoms. These particular rights are detailed in Articles 20-50. Within the confines of the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda in 1995, Article 23 grants individuals the entitlement to personal freedom, a right that regrettably experiences frequent infringements by the Police. Article 59 of the constitution establishes the Uganda National Human Rights Commission, which possesses the duty of promoting the protection and adherence to human rights within both public and private institutions. Controversy arises when the police, as the government entity entrusted with the responsibility of upholding the law and maintaining order, fail to fulfill their role. Instead, a significant number of police officers engage in actions that can only be described as police brutality and police torture, thereby violating the rights of individuals rather than safeguarding them. As a result of this inhumane behavior exhibited by the police force, numerous nongovernmental organizations and advocates for human rights have emerged in order to champion the rights of victims who have experienced police brutality. Additionally, a considerable number of individuals who have been apprehended by the police are detained without proper consideration, with many being denied police bond, even though it should be granted automatically as stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code Act Cap 116. The research endeavor also aimed to encompass the discoveries and suggestions regarding the means by which to address the actions that result in the safeguarding and infringement of Human Rights, with a primary focus on the legal principles of the jurisdiction, the doctrine of the rule of law, and the parameters of guaranteeing the preservation of Human Rights.

This internship report was conducted in Lira City west Davison Ojwina from 26th June to 18th August 2023. It contains four chapters where chapter one is the introduction, chapter two is methodology, chapter three good practices and challenges encountered and chapter four is the conclusion and recommendations. Chapter one involves the introduction, the agency’s name , History , vision, mission, mandate, core values, goals, objectives, activities or services it offers, agency structure and other relevant information. Chapter two focuses on methodology and detailed record of work that is activities and tasks I carried out and their goals and objectives, methods used in execution of tasks, methods used to study organization issues, other important information and conclusion. Chapter three contains good practices and challenges encountered during the internship the terms of technical, practical, financial, social or moral challenges and conclusions. Chapter four presents the conclusion and recommendations to the agency and to the department of sociology and Anthropology of Makerere University.