The Government Capitation grant is very vital to learners both in primary and secondary schools in Kenya. The government of Kenya through Ministry of Education allocates and disburses Ksh.22, 244 and Ksh. 57, 974 to regular and special needs public secondary schools respectively. The study investigated the influence of government capitation grants disbursement delay on the final examination in public secondary schools in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Resource dependence theory, Wrecker`s financial distress theory and Agency theory. The study adopted descriptive longitudinal research design. The Secondary panel data set of 426 public secondary school-year end observations was used. This revealed that on average, there was 38.5 percent (mean = 0.385) delay in release of government capitation grants to public secondary school in Kisumu County. The study noted that on average, public secondary schools in Kisumu County attained K.C.S.E. mean grade of 4.534. The Sub-County secondary schools had the lowest K.C.S.E mean score of 1.839 while National Schools had the highest K.C.S.E mean score of 9.577 in Kisumu County. The study revealed that government capitation disbursement delay has negative and significant affiliation with final examination performance in public secondary schools in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education should plan to release capitation grants either a week before or latest a week after commencement of public secondary school term. The study further recommended that the government should consider use of research based differentiated unit cost in allocating capitation grants to both regular and special needs school learners.

The study’s main objective was to elaborate upon the effect of climate finance on the exportation of red meat carcasses in Kenya. The influence of climate finance, prevailing temperature, rainfall patterns, exchange rates, and the GDP of the Kenyan population on the exportation of red meat carcass in Kenya served as the goal of the study. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Secondary data for each study variable was collected for the study period 2012 – 2021. The study undertook a correlational as well as regression analysis to determine the relationship between the study variables. The findings indicated that climate finance and exchange rate had a significant positive correlation against exportation of red meat carcass while temperature, rainfall and GDP indicated an insignificant correlation on exportation of red meat carcass. The regression analysis indicated that the coefficient of determination is 18.5 %. This implied that the model could only account for 18.5 of the changes in transportation of red meat carcass. The adjusted R square was lower than the value of R square indicating that the model contained elements that did not add value to it. The regression model was statistically significant indicating that there was positive statistically significant effect of climate finance on exportation of red meat carcass in Kenya. The regression coefficient indicated that all the independent variables were insignificant apart from exchange rate. Only the exchange rate was found to have a statistically significant effect on exportation of red meat carcass. The study therefore concludes that further investment should be injected into climate finance for the purposes of improving exports of red meat carcass. The study also concluded that the climate finance contributed in Kenya was inadequate and more measures needed to be undertaken to enhance climate finance that would enhance production as well as exportation of red meat carcass in Kenya. The study also recommends farmers to ensure that during the dry season, they should dispose off most of their livestock to avoid losses from droughts. This would increase exportation of red meat carcass during dry and hot seasons

Abstract

The study sought to examine the influence of organizational factors on the implementation of the National Youth Policy in Kenya. The study was guided by the following three specific objectives: to investigate the influence of formal legal distance on the implementation of National Youth Policy in Kenya; to investigate the influence of organization autonomy on the implementation of National Youth Policy in Kenya, and to examine the influence of organizational culture on the implementation of National Youth Policy in Kenya. The study combined both qualitative and quantitative techniques in data analysis. The results revealed that the three variables depicted a significant influence on National youth policy implementation in Kenya. Organizational culture depicted a minimum influence on the policy implementation (beta value, 0.148) with organizational autonomy depicting the greatest influence of policy implementation (beta value, 0.318). In addition, the key informant findings revealed a positive relationship between the organizational factors and national youth policy implementation. The study concluded that formal legal distance, organizational autonomy, and organization culture are the main determinants of national youth policy implementation which is supported by the beta values 0.283, 0.318, and 0.148 respectively. The study recommends that the public sector should adopt effective organizational factors that positively influence national youth policy implementation. Additionally, studies should be conducted to examine the influence of corruption, leadership management on implementation of national youth policy.

A suitable capital structure is a key choice for any business establishment. The choice is key not just for the reason of making the most of returns to different organizational areas, but similarly due to the bearing such a choice have on an establishment’s capability to handle its competitive setting. Establishments struggle when structuring their finance since it is difficult to determine how it will affect performance, which is crucial for the establishment's worth and, therefore, its survival. The main aim of this research was to determine capital structure effect on financial performance of NSE listed firms. The independent variable for the research was capital structure measured using the ratio of total debt to total assets while the dependent variable was financial performance measured using ROA. The control variables were firm size and liquidity. The study was guided by relevance and irrelevance theory, agency cost theory and pecking order theory. Descriptive research design was utilized in this research. The 42 non-financial NSE listed firms as at December 2021 served as target population. The study collected secondary data for five years (2017-2021) on an annual basis from CMA and individual NSE listed firms annual reports. Descriptive, correlation as well as regression analysis were undertaken and outcomes offered in tables followed by pertinent interpretation and discussion. The research discovered a 0.6125 R square value implying that 61.25% of changes in NSE listed firms financial performance can be described by the three variables chosen for this research. The multivariate regression analysis further revealed that individually, capital structure has a negative effect on performance of NSE listed firms (β=-0.442, p=0.001). The control variable which was firm size displayed a positive and significant performance influence as shown by (β=0.624, p=0.000). Firm liquidity also exhibited a positive and significant effect on performance of NSE listed firms (β=0.184, p=0.029). the study recommends the need for practitioners among NSE listed firms to strike a balance between the benefits and costs associated with debt as high levels of debt negatively affects financial performance. The study also recommends that NSE listed firms should work at improving their asset base and their liquidity as they significantly affect their performance.

As more patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Kenya commence antiretroviral therapy, healthcare workers have made efforts to reach out to populations that are both hidden and more prone to acquiring HIV. One of the aforementioned populations is Male Sex Workers (MSW). This study’s aim was to look into the association between depression and utilisation of HIV infection prevention, treatment and care services in the midst of MSW, who exclusively sell sex to men. This study was conducted among male sex workers at the Coast HIV Resource Centre in Mombasa County. This study was governed by four objectives: to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of MSW at the Coast HIV Resource Centre, to determine the depression status of MSW at the Coast HIV Resource Centre, to describe the utilisation of healthcare services among MSW at the Coast HIV Resource Centre in Mombasa and to determine the relationship between depression status and utilisation of HIV infection prevention, treatment and care services at the Coast HIV Resource Centre in Mombasa. This was a cross-sectional study employing both qualitative and quantitative methods and had 281 respondents. Quantitative data were collected using structured researcher administered questionnaires and data entry done using Epi data 3.0 and exported into SPSS 25.0 for further analysis and presented in tables, pie charts, bar graphs, and prose form. Qualitative data were analysed using NVivo version 12 to categorise and organise information, examine relationships in the data by combining the analysis with linking, searching and modelling. The study observed that most of the respondents were aged 20-24 and the prevalence of clinically significant depression was at 25.4%. (No depression56, Mild depression 118, moderate depression 45, severe depression 14).More than half of the respondents (52.8%) mentioned that health provider attitudes hinder utilisation of HIV infection prevention, treatment and care. This study has found out that fear of stigma, violence and discrimination play a role in preventing male sex workers from accessing health services. Societal stigma may also have a hand discouraging the use of health services due to incidences such as verbal harassment, physical assault and blackmail. The study observed that the respondents experienced stigma from healthcare providers, reinforcing the necessity of mitigation and intervention as regards stigma. Though the prevalence of depression among the respondents was low, the study recommends integration of mental health services to be included in the existing prevention, care and treatment services. This will benefit both their sexual and mental health. This study also recommends the sensitization and training of both government and private healthcare providers on the appropriate ways of providing health services to the MSW population. It further recommends training for police and prison officers who are likely to come in contact with these populations when they are in their custody. This training will be a critical step in not only preventing new infections, but also ensuring that those who are infected with HIV have access to the Corruption is a societal problem that continues to thrive unabated, despite the policy and legislative overdrive against it in Kenya. As a result, the government’s effort to eliminate corruption has been welcomed with lots of cynicism and suspicion. The government has been accused of manifesting insufficient political will in addressing corruption, as demonstrated by the deeply entrenched political impunity in public service. This has led to the capture and manipulation of key state institutions and processes of governance undermining public service delivery and the quality of citizens’ livelihood. The government has therefore lost the credibility to lead the fight against corruption to the Civil Society. Civil Society Organizations depend on external funding to conceptualize and implement anti-corruption projects that include among others compelling the government to fight corruption effectively. This study therefore sought to assess the influence of external funding on the effectiveness of Civil Society Organizations in the fight against corruption, by determining the influence of funding from: (1) International Development Agencies (IDAs) and (2) Foreign Embassies (FEs) on the effectiveness of Transparency International Kenya in the fight against corruption. The study utilized Hegel’s theory on civil society and employed an exploratory research design using Transparency International Kenya as a case study. Both primary and secondary sources of data were utilized. Purposive sampling technique was employed in the collection of primary data, to identify the target population from whom data was gathered through administration of questionnaires and oral interviews. In the analysis of data both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods were utilized. The study established that there is a positive relation between external funding from both International Development Agencies and Foreign Embassies, and the effectiveness of Transparency International Kenya. For instance, the study established that an increase in funding from IDAs & FEs strengthened and enhanced TI Kenya effectiveness. When TI Kenya had more funds, the study findings showed that the organization’s capacity and ability to undertake more and quality anti-corruption activities was greatly improved. Some of the key anti-corruption activities undertaken by TI Kenya as a result of funding from both IDAs & FEs include; undertaking quality anti-corruption research, support the formulation, review and enforcement of both anti-corruption and accountability related policies and legislations, conduct anti-corruption public awareness campaigns & citizens’ empowerment initiatives, build nascent anti-corruption partnerships, networks & coalitions for collective anti-corruption efforts supporting and strengthening integrity and ethics initiatives in county governance and lastly building internal excellence as an anti-corruption organization. The study concluded by recommending that external funding should continue and should be increased as it plays an important role in enhancing CSOs’ effectiveness in combating graft. In addition, the study recommends the utilization of core funding as the best model for funding CSOs compared to the project funding model. appropriate care and treatment even when in confinement.