Supply chains have become more complex as a result of recent advancements in globalization and digital trade, making them more vulnerable to unanticipated disruptions in the environment they operate in. Growth in our country's economy and society is played can be attributed to businesses of all sizes, both large and small (SMEs). The supply chain role within the company, among other critical functions, contributes to the success of such businesses. Suppliers, end users, and state and non-state stakeholders form important participants in the supply chain network. The study aimed to investigate supply1chain1resilience1techniques widely adopted by manufacturing SMEs and to determine the impact of supply1chain1resilience1on manufacturing SMEs' operational performance in Nairobi County's industrial region. The study was powered by the theories of dynamic capacity, resource-based, and strategic decision-making. According to information received from the Nairobi County licensing department, there are 58 registered manufacturing SMEs operating in Nairobi County's industrial sector. As part of this research, 58 manufacturing SMEs were surveyed. As a result, the entire population was analyzed using a census survey method. This study relied widely on closed-ended questionnaires for data gathering. Based on the study's goals, a series of statements and questions were prepared for the survey. The quantitative information collected from respondents in the survey was measured using the SPSS software. The study also employed regression analysis in order to show a correlation between manufacturing SMEs' supply1chain1resilience1tactics and operational performance. There was a 95% confidence interval for the R squared value of the manufacturing SMEs working in Nairobi County's Industrial region's operational performance, according to the study's findings. The findings in this study show that many of the SMEs in the Industrial Zone, Nairobi County are using these practices to increase their resilience during economic downturns with a 79 percent variation on operational performance measures. Research has shown that there is a direct correlation between the R-value of 0.839 and research variables. As a result of this study, it is recommended that strategic and middle-level managers in Nairobi County's Industrial Area devote additional resources to the implementation of supply1chain1resilience1strategies to earn long-term benefits from exceptional operational performance. According to the findings of this study, SMEs in Kenya should boost their investments in supply1chain1resilience1measures to counter supply chain vulnerability and efficiently boost operational performance.

Most organizations are currently operating in a market that is uncertain and despite this challenge, they have to strive and achieve success in their operations through building their strategic position and distinct competitiveness. The goal of the study was to see if there was a link between strategic orientation and competitive advantage in Kenyan pension systems. The particular goal was to determine the individual and combined effects of market, technology, relationship, and entrepreneurial orientation on the competitiveness of select pension businesses in order to achieve the overall goal. The research was based on resource-based theory and Porter's framework, with a cross-sectional research methodology and a population of 31 pension firms that are members of the Retirement Benefits Authority (RBA). The primary data was gathered using a questionnaire as the primary instrument for data collection. Data analysis was achieved by computing inferential-regression analysis and descriptive statistics-mean, standard deviations, percentages and frequency distribution. From individual independent variable point of view, the study established that market orientation is critical dimension of strategic orientation and particularly in the alignment of strategic market strategies to meet customer specification. Secondly, the study found that strategic orientation is positively related with competitive advantage of pension schemes in Kenya as far as entrepreneurial orientation dimension is concerned. In order to enhance entrepreneurial strategies, the pension schemes produce new and unique products and services that are fashioned towards providing solution to customer needs and wants. The study findings with regard to technology orientation shows that there is a positive relationship between strategic orientation (through technology orientation) and competitive advantage of pension schemes in Kenya. In determination of the relationship between strategic orientation as a whole concept with sustainable competitive advantage, the study established as a result of strategic orientation, products of specific pension schemes are difficult to be copied by other schemes due to uniqueness and complexity of the products. Strategic orientation has also enabled the pension schemes to respond well to changes in the market and track changes in customer needs and wants. Collection of strategic information has also improved that enabling the firms to orient service production strategically. The inferential statistics computed shows that there is a strong and positive correlation (R= 0.892) between strategic orientation and competitiveness of pension schemes in Kenya. Effective implementation of strategic orientation strategies was found to cumulatively contribute to 79.5% (R2=0.795) influence on the competiveness of the pension firms.

E-banking constitutes the use of ATMs, mobile and internet banking, automated teller machines, television based banking and automated personal computer banking. Despite the significance of e-banking in clarifying financial execution, the effect of e-banking on banks performance is as yet misconstrued. The study therefore, did seek to analyze the effect of e-banking on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Three theories namely; technology acceptance model, financial inclusion theory and innovation diffusion theory provided the theoretical foundation for this study. This study did embrace a documentary review research design. The unit of study were the registered and licensed commercial banks operating in Kenya. According to Central Bank of Kenya there are 42 commercial banks licensed to operate in Kenya as per the year 2021 where the researcher conducted a census of all the 42 commercials banks. Secondary data was collected from the commercial bank reports for the year 2017-2020 and was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Reports from of 40 commercial banks were obtained since the remaining two were suspended by the concerned ministry. The study established that every bank had at least one form of electronic banking service. Inferential statistics showed that a positive correlation exists between value of mobile banking, value of ATM transactions and average net income. While there is an average correlation between internet, banking cards banking and average net income. The multiple regression model showed that the adjusted R-square=0.955 which shows that the value of predictors (mobile banking, internet banking, Banking Cards, ATM) contributes to 95.5% of the financial performance (Average net income). The study concludes that electronic banking have an effect on financial performance among commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommeds to the banking industry managerial units to formulate policies of innovation and practices that would enhance electronic banking usage in propelling their performance in their respective institutions.

The researcher critically analyzed how corruption prevention interventions influence management of NGOs, a case study of AMREF- Afya Timiza project in Kenya. The researcher intended to answer the following questions; what is the extent to which fraud reporting behavior influences the management of health projects funded by non - governmental organizations? What is the extent to which witness protection strategies influence the management of health projects funded by nongovernmental organizations? What is the extent which corruption investigations a method influences the management of health projects funded by non- governmental organizations? What is the extent which media reporting influences the management of health projects funded by non-governmental organizations? To answer these questions, the study set out the following objective: To assess how corruption prevention interventions influence the management of health projects funded by NGOs. A case of AMREF-afya timiza in Kenya. The study was anchored on two major theories namely; The Institutional theory and the Principle-Agent theory. The study relied on the mixed methods an approach in collecting data, the primary data was collected using the questionnaire while the secondary data was collected using articles. Collected data was analyzed using both the quantitative methods of data analysis and the qualitative methods as well. The target population was 120, the sample size was used was 92. The study focused on the head office since it is the prime place where managerial employees’ general policies are formulated and centralized before implementation. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study. With regard to management of NGOs the study findings established there exists Budgeting efficiency on all functional departments also there exists strategic plans for all operational activities in the organization used in managing NGOs at a large extent.

Asset allocation strategies adoption in pension schemes management present cardinal importance. This study sought to examine asset allocation strategies adopted by pension schemes in Kenya. The study used descriptive cross sectional survey design. Yamane model and systematic sampling technique were used to draw a sample of 80 pension schemes. Structured questionnaires’ were administered to fund managers of sampled pension schemes of which 74 successfully responded (92.5% response rate). Descriptive statistics; mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, frequency and percentages were used to analyze the data. The study established that various asset allocation strategies were adopted by pension schemes in Kenya: Strategic asset allocation strategy (Composite Mean = 4.202), Dynamic asset allocation strategy (Composite Mean =3.395), Tactical asset allocation strategy (Composite Mean = 4.69), Constant weighted asset allocation strategy (Composite Mean = 4.215), Insured asset allocation strategy (Composite Mean = 4.55), Integrated asset allocation strategy (Composite Mean = 4.61) and Asset and Liability management strategy (Composite Mean = 4.855). Factor analysis ascertained latent variables in the study. The study data had KMO value of 0.678, slightly above the KMO standard threshold of 0.6, denoting substantial correlation in the data, thus considered satisfactory for Factor Analysis. Bartlett`s test shown significance at 0.000, implying that any identified factor accounted for ascertaining asset allocation strategies adopted by pension schemes in Kenya. The six factors after rotation still cumulatively accounted for by 92.242% of total rotation variance. The study recommended that pension scheme fund managers, trustees, regulator- retirement benefits authority and other pension scheme practitioners ought to regularly monitor and evaluate asset allocation strategies that best suits respective pension schemes to guarantee continuous growth and provision of pension benefits to members.

The informal sector, is Kenya's largest employer, employing over 83 percent of the workforce and generating about 34 percent of the country's GDP. Despite their importance, statistics show that three out of every five companies collapse during the initial period in existence, with 80 percent of those who survive failing by the fifth year. The most pressing issue confronting MSMEs is a lack of access to finance. Mobile lending has come to fill this gap but questions are being raised due to its high interest rates. The main aim of this research was to analyze the influence of mobile lending on financial sustainability among SMEs in Roysambu Sub-county. The following objectives were used to provide guidance; to determine the influence of credit accessibility on financial sustainability, to study the effect of cost of credit on financial sustainability, to study the effect of terms of credit on financial sustainability and to establish the effect of credit convenience on financial sustainability. This research adopted the financial intermediation theory, information asymmetry theory and finance growth theory. This research employed a descriptive research design. The 1098 registered SMEs in Roysambu Sub-county served as the research population. Sample size was 96 respondents arrived at using Yamane formula. This research relied on primary data collected through questionnaires. Google forms were made use of in the questionnaire administration. The collected data was converted into quantitative format to make analysis by use of SPSS. The statistics generated were descriptive statistics which comprised of mean and std. deviation and inferential statistics which included both correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. The study revealed a significant positive relationship between credit accessibility, cost of credit, terms of credit, credit convenience and financial sustainability among SMEs in Roysambu Sub-county. Regression analysis revealed that 93.3% of changes in financial sustainability among SMEs were attributed to the four variables selected in this study. In conclusion, credit accessibility, cost of credit, terms of credit and credit convenience are essential in enhancing financial sustainability. Based on the findings, credit convenience had the greatest influence on financial sustainability followed by terms of credit while credit accessibility and cost of credit had the least influence. As a result, it is recommended that SMEs' managers and owners should utilize mobile lending, as this improves their financial sustainability.

In a business context which is marked by rivalry that is intense, advancements of technology rapidly and rivalry for prospective customers, a demand is growing for profit-oriented organizations to craft strategies that are competitive in order to attain competitiveness relative to its rivals and guarantee performance that is superior. For long, manufacturing companies in the pharmaceuticals industry in Kenya have traded in an adverse business context that is volatile. The cutthroat dynamics have consequently led to a majority of manufacturing firms in the pharmaceuticals industry losing their proportion of the market, volume of sales, production cost and profitability. they have consequently resorted to adopt strategies aimed at building their competitive positions in comparison to rival firms with a view to endure competition and outperform rivals. It is unexplored however, how these strategies that are competitive adopted, predict performance thereof. This study endeavored to fill this gap by ascertaining how strategies that are competitive influence manufacturing firms.in the pharmaceuticals industry in Nairobi Metropolitan Area, influence performance. A cross-sectional design was taken in this study and the target population comprised relevant departmental heads concerned with business, strategy development or their matches, from the 35 manufacturing firms in the pharmaceuticals industry in Nairobi Metropolitan Area. Due to the considerably small target population, a census survey was adopted, by which all manufacturing firms in the pharmaceuticals industry in Nairobi Metropolitan Area were selected in the study. Gathering of primary information was conducted by use of a structured questionnaire. Computations of both inferential and descriptive statistics were then conducted. Results show that performance is at 95% confidence level influenced significantly by focus strategy (β = .315, Sig.=.049<.05), strategy of differentiation (β = .286, Sig.=.043<.05) and cost leadership (β = .355, Sig.=.018<.05). It is concluded in the study that cost leadership, focus and differentiation strategies have an effect which is significant and positive on performance of pharmaceuticals industry’s manufacturing firms in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. The study thus recommends that manufacturing firms in the pharmaceuticals industry that seek to achieve performance that is superior ought to adopt as strategies that are competitive, cost leadership, strategy of differentiation and strategy of focus.

Savings and Credit Cooperatives provide financial intermediation services and have a lot of competition from other financial intermediaries like banks. Thus, the concept of strategic management and its practices are needed by Saccos in order to respond to changes both in their internal and external environment. The performance of farmer-based deposit-taking Saccos’ is concerning given that agriculture is the largest economic activity in Kenya and employs a majority of Kenyans. In a bid to remain competitive, the farmer-based deposit-taking Saccos’ have introduced various strategies such as mobile banking, branch network expansion, research, rebranding, enhanced marketing, enhanced efficiency and have introduced innovations in the manner in which they deliver their products and services. However, since the introduction of the new strategies various farmer-based deposit-taking Saccos have stopped operations. This raises the question of the effectiveness of the strategic management practices and how they affect performance. The aim of this academic project was to evaluate the manner in which strategic management practices such as environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy monitoring and evaluation affect performance. This study was guided by the resource-based theory, McKinsey 7S framework, and agency theory. The study used descriptive research design. The target population of the study were the farmer-based deposit-taking Saccos in Kenya. The study was able to sample 36 of the 49 Saccos. Data for the study was collected from the senior financial managers at the respective Saccos. The data was collected using questionnaires. Data was analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences. The study found that environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy monitoring and evaluation were used to a great extent as implied by means of 4.28, 4.26. 4.06, 4.43 respectively. The effect of environmental scanning on performance was found to be negative and statistically significant, as implied by coefficient of -1.047 and p-value 0.002. The effects of strategy formulation and strategy implementation on performance were found to be positive and statistically insignificant, as the beta coefficients were 0.359 and 0.460 with p-values of 0.260 and 0.098 respectively. The effect of strategy evaluation on monitoring and evaluation was found to be positive and statistically significant given that the beta coefficient was 0.363 and p-value was 0.042. The study concludes that only strategy monitoring and evaluation practices used by the Saccos was effective. The study recommends that the farmer-based deposit taking Saccos review their environmental scanning, strategy formulation and strategy implementation practices.