The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of socio-economic factors on performance of community empowerment projects in Mogadishu, Somalia. Specifically, the study looked at literacy, gender roles, income levels and diversity of the project teams in relation to performance of community empowerment projects in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study was anchored on empowerment theory. The study adopted descriptive survey design targeting 130 project managers, project coordinators, project team leaders and community liaison officers from the Strengthening Somali Governance Project in Mogadishu City, Somalia. Census was adopted and thus the 130 respondents were included in the study. Primary data was collected with aid of the questionnaire that was piloted to determine reliability. Content and construct validity was tested by the supervisor. The analysis of the findings was done supported by means and standard deviations, frequencies and percentages and regression analysis. Tables were used in presenting the findings of the study. Based on the beta coefficients, literacy (β=.447) had the greatest effect on performance of the community empowerment projects followed by gender roles (β=.363), diversity of project team (β=.198) and lastly income levels (β=.076) respectively. The study concludes that socio-economic factors have significant influence performance of community empowerment projects in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study recommends that the project managers of the community empowerment projects in Mogadishu, Somalia should appreciate literacy when making decisions that affect the general performance of the projects in place. The project managers of the community empowerment projects in Mogadishu, Somalia should strive to promote gender equality and equity while reducing some existing patriarchal believes in the community. The finance managers of the community empowerment projects in Mogadishu, Somalia should have in place diverse sources of income to promote financial sustainability as they enhance community empowerment. The project teams running all the community empowerment projects in Mogadishu, Somalia should be drawn from diverse background to enhance performance

Change management is critical in a business organization's reaction to changes in technology, market dynamics, data structures, the global monetary system, social values, and the political environment in which it works. Commercial banks in Kenya have intensified their response to the financial environmental changes so that they can enhance on the banks’ market position. Chase Bank in Kenya was a duly registered and operational in Kenya under the supervision of the Central Bank of Kenya. On sixth April 2016, it was placed under statutory control due to big insider lending and distinct cooperate governance situations similarly to non-performance and compliance to the CBK reporting parameters. In the year 2018 CBK announced that the SBM may acquire strategic assets and liabilities of the financial institution. The goal of this research was to learn about SBM Bank's change management techniques during the Chase Bank acquisition. Organization learning theory, the Adkar model of change management, and Lippitt's stages of change theory were all used in this study. A case study was employed in this research. This is suitable since it is a research method that focuses on a thorough examination. This research gathered both primary and secondary data. Five department heads from SBM bank were interviewed for primary data. Project manager, senior manager strategy, business analytics manager, change management manager, and operations manager were among them. Content analysis was employed in investigating the respondents’ views and understanding of change management using various techniques. Various factors have led to change management success in SBM bank, for instance effective communication channels; a conducive environment that supports change management; employee involvement; clear aims and planning; employee training; an appropriate structure, implementing flexibility and leadership; positive attitude towards change management success; support from the top management; teamwork; and capacity building. According to the findings, good change management can only be accomplished in businesses that appreciate and respect each employee's potential contribution. Change management is easy for SBM Bank Kenya Limited because they have a policy of regular, open communication. This guarantees that the need for change is widely recognized within the organization, as well as strong support for successful change management. The study recommended that to ensure that the process of strategic change management takes the appropriate direction; the organization management team have to develop frameworks that will come up with the best decisions possible.

This study sought to understand how various perceived factors influence the performance of Maternal and Child Health Program. The researcher has vast experience in working in programs around children aged 0-5 years. This experience informed the choice of factors to settle for. These factors are; access to appropriate health services, personal characteristics of clients, availability of equipment in Mother and Child Health department in the facilities and COVID-19 mitigation protocols (as these have tremendously influenced the performance in MCHP over the last two years). This research project sought to establish the influence of these factors on performance of MCHP in terms of how services are offered and sort-for in health centers and in the community level. The Sub- County made significant progress in maternal and child health in the past years, through the support of the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders like non-governmental organizations (UNICEF, Concern Worldwide, Linda mama, Child Fund, feed the children, save the children, HOPE international, Afya jijini by USAID, just to mention a few). The research design for the study was survey design. The design employed aspects of both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The researcher intended to get detailed information by using survey through; using both open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires, conducting caregiver interviews (for female caregivers), and Key Informant Interviews (Nurses in the MCH Clinics, Community Health Workers, Community health Assistants). It is a sequential mixed methods study. In this study, there was need to first carry out a rapid telephone survey of households with expectant mothers and caregivers of children between 0-5 years living in these urban informal settlements. Based on the results of the rapid telephone survey, an in-depth qualitative interview (n=7) was carried out. Descriptive statistics that were used for preliminary analysis were; frequencies, means and standard deviations. For qualitative analysis, audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and content translated into English. After in-depth reading and reflection of the scripts, coding was done. Framework and content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Conclusions were; access to healthcare services positively affects the performance of MCHP, there was no significant influence of personal characteristics of clients to performance of MCHP, availability of equipment in the health facilities positively influences the performance or MCHP and, COVID-19 mitigation protocols negatively influenced the performance of MCHP.

The absolute and unfettered discretion1of the Attorney1General to enter nolle prosequi was a prerogative of the Crown under common law. This practice extended to British colonies. At independence, Kenya adopted this English tradition in its independence Constitution. However, its practical application in post-colonial Kenya led to numerous injustices arising largely from the improper termination of criminal cases. As a result, the public demand for constitutional reform necessarily included a demand for reform of these prosecutorial powers. As a result, the Kenyan Constitution of 2010 made significant reforms, stripping the Attorney General of all prosecutorial responsibilities and putting them in the Director of Public Prosecutions (the DPP). Furthermore, the Constitution mandated that, in exercising the modified nolle prosequi, the DPP shall consider the public interest, administrative law interests, and the need to prevent and avoid judicial process discrimination. The postulation of this thesis is that despite the radical changes introduced by the Constitution of Kenya 2010, the exercise of the reformed nolle prosequi remains uncertain and ineffective because there are insufficient guidelines on how these broad principles ought to be applied in the exercise of the said powers. An analysis of the subsequent action by the DPP as well as ensuing judicial decisions reveal that the very abuse of this power is still rampant. The thesis therefore seeks to explore the efficacy of the afore-stated constitutional principles on the reformed nolle prosequi. It assesses whether the said principles are sufficient guarantees to the fair dispensation....................................................................

The service delivery in academic libraries in Kenya has been regressing due to the failure of Digital Librarians (DLns) to perform optimally. This study aimed at developing a proposed framework for digital librarianship in academic libraries in Kenya with special emphasis to three selected public academic institutional libraries namely the University of Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta Memorial Library, Technical University of Kenya Library and Multimedia University of Kenya Library. The study’s specific objectives were to determine the roles played by the current DLns’ in academic libraries, establish job description of DLns’ in various academic libraries in Kenya, ascertain DLns best practices, and to implement a viable digital librarianship conceptual framework. The study adopted three theories namely, Core Competency Theory (CCT), Occupational Self-Efficacy Theory (OST) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study used a survey research with open-ended questionnaire designed as per the objectives of the study. Relevant literature review was conducted to identify the DLns’ roles, job description, and skills for developing and managing DLs. A purposively selected sample of 30 Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals from the three selected academic libraries in charge of Digital Information Services (DIS) and managing electronic resources in Nairobi County-Kenya were selected and interviewed. A piloted self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information from these respondents. A total of thirty (30) questionnaires to the LIS professionals-ten from each of the three selected academic libraries were administered. The data was analyzed using SPSS software v25. The findings revealed a disconnect between digital librarians’ roles and their job descriptions where 59.1% of respondents agreed whereas 40.9% had no idea whether there was any disconnect or not. A majority (72.73%) of the respondents also indicated that there was no formal conceptual framework for digital librarians’ roles and recommended that such a model should be developed and that the model should incorporate such elements such as, e-resources management, job descriptions, policies, and strategic planning. The study also established that only one-fifth or 20% were digital librarians in academic libraries in Kenya. Moreover, the specific roles of the few DLns that are serving in academic libraries are not clear or not known and what is described in their job descriptions (JDs) is not what they do in their daily tasks. However, academic libraries should designate DLns to specific roles, duties and responsibilities which should also form part of their job. The study thus developed a proposed conceptual framework for DLns’ that details the pertinent issues currently facing academic libraries when hiring DLns. The study recommended that the provided framework be adopted to guide library managers in identifying the needs of staff training and selecting the most adequate training method as well as settling on the best practices to be sent to staff for training and development.

Access to uncompromised health care is a basic human right championed by both the UN and enshrined in the Kenyan constitution 2010. Every citizen is supposed to have ease of access to a health facility and get proper medical care irrespective of their financial status. Outpatient care is a key determinant of a healthy population in two main ways. (1) The progression from a simple to a complicated health problem, if well attended to earlier could be diverted and (2) it has a direct effect on the financial effect on households in Kenya. Previous studies have reported catastrophic effects as a result of Out of Pocket (OOP) spending on health care leading to as many as 1.1 million Kenyans to poverty every year. Report by the Kenya Household Health and Utilization Survey indicated that Kenyans spend 48.4 Billion on health care through OOP spending of which outpatient care accounted for 78%. This shows the need to investigate the outpatient care access as it is a huge contributor to catastrophic spending among individuals in Kenya. The main aim of the study was to determine factors affecting patients’ distance in seeking for outpatient health care in Kenya. This study utilized the binary probit regression model to assess the covariates that predict distance travelled to access outpatient care. The data utilized, was a secondary analysis of the Kenya Household Expenditure and Utilization Survey (KHHEUS) that was collected in 2018 with a primary focus of monitoring how Kenyans utilized outpatient and inpatient care in Kenya. We analyzed individual data on 6191 individuals who had complete data. Using the binary probit regression model, we reported results at 95% confidence interval whereby we determined that residence, facility type, mode of transport, education, and wealth index were associated with distance travelled to seek outpatient care. It is noteworthy that those who live in rural residence and the poorest travel long distance to access outpatient care. Therefore, the government should make policies that target increasing the number of outpatient health facilities, that are well equipped to handle more health cases that will see the rural travel short distance for care. Policies that will see a decrease in poverty also need to be formulated so that people can have financial freedom of accessing care wherever they wish and close to where they live.