Radio plays an important role of peace building which is often ignored by policy makers, stakeholders, and even security personnel. The radio stations in Pokot and Turkana are working towards ensuring peaceful coexistence between communities. However, despite the many radio stations in Pokot and Turkana Counties, conflict between the two communities still persists to date. The purpose of the study was to establish the role of radio in peace building; a case of Pokot-Turkana conflict. The study was guided by the following specific objectives; To identify the radio programs that focus on peace as a key issue among the Pokot and Turkana communities; To examine the messages conveyed in the radio programs that address peace as a key issue among the Pokot and the Turkana; To determine the understanding of the messages conveyed by these radio programs among the Pokot and the Turkana; To establish the challenges faced by radio stations in promoting peace among the Pokot and the Turkana. The study was grounded on two theories namely; Peace Journalism theory and agent setting theory. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. The target population of the study included two radio stations, namely; Kalya FM and Ata Nayeche FM, and community members in the Pokot and Turkana region. Using purposive sampling, the study sample was made up of 44 respondents. An interview guide was used to collect data from the four staff members from Kalya FM and Ata Nayeche sampled while four focus group discussion were used to collect data from the community members. The interview guide, Focus group discussions and secondary sources of data collected qualitative data. The data was therefore analyzed on the basis of conceptual content analysis. The study revealed that the two radio stations did not have an adequate number of programs focusing majorly on peace. The study indicated that the two radio stations conveyed the message of togetherness, peace and unity through framing of messages. The study indicated that by using vernacular language, celebrities and professionals as guests the radio stations enhanced audience understanding. Moreover, conducting dialogues with community members and guests was also identified essential in radio programming. The challenge identified in promoting peace building included deciding on either to make profits or promote peace, internal competition in media houses, poor working conditions and poor employee motivation. The study agreed with the peace journalism theory to the extent that the media needs to take a serious stand in promoting peace in each program. Lastly in relation to agenda setting theory the study revealed that framing messages was a key element of effective communication on any topic including peace issues. The study recommended that the government needs to establish a radio station operated by people from the two communities to act as an example for peaceful coexistence. In addition, the study suggested that further studies need to be conducted focusing on other radio stations such as radio Akicha, Maata FM and Serian FM which operate in the Turkana and Pokot region and how they have participated in promoting peace in the area.

Issuance of loan is fundamental for economic growth and development of any economy. The loan portfolio both domestic and foreign plays a major role in funding the nation and its citizenry towards achieving a stable economy. The research problem was the influence of economic variables in non-performing loans in bank in Kenya. A case of selected bank funded projects in Nairobi County. The objectives of the study were to determine the influence of Gross domestic Product, inflation rate and foreign exchange rate on non-performing loans in bank funded projects. The researcher used descriptive research design and the research instrument was questionnaires. The target population were projects that had defaulted from repaying their loans within a period of ninety days after the loan maturity period. This information was drawn from 160 respondents with sample size of 114 which were picked by Yamane formulae technique. The study employed simple random sampling and stratified sampling techniques which were used when selecting the number of respondents. Descriptive data analysis involved presenting the means, percentages, frequencies and standard deviations of core variable of interest. The analysis of non-numerical data was done in line with the objectives and reported in narrative form. The generalization and prediction of data using correlation and regression analysis determined the relationship between variables. The regression analysis determined the influence of selected economic aspects on nonperforming loans in bank funded projects. Information on credit risk was sourced from survey questionnaires and annual banks supervision reports by CBK, while data on macroeconomic variables from the statistical bulletins of CBK and KNBS. The Reliability test was 0.89 hence this was considered reliable for further test and analysis. Multiple regression models were applied to ascertain the existence of a long run effect by the selected variables on the non-performing loans in bank funded projects. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was applied to test and build up the strong negative relationship that exists between Gross Domestic Product, (r - 0.0524) and non-performing loans. The correlation results indicate a positive relationship between inflation rate (r 0.0284) and non-performing loans while there is a strong positive relationship between foreign exchange (r 0.1973) onto the NPLs in bank funded projects in Kenya. From data collected spanning from 2008 to 2018 the study concluded that certain economic variables do influence the rate of loan performance in Kenya. The study recommends that the Government of Kenya in consultation with the private sector should come up with policies that would help curb the rate of non-performing loans in Kenya. Banks should be able to flag potential risk in their loan portfolios which will enable mitigation and making right decisions so as to improve the loan recovery rate. Further research should be conducted so as to comprehend the long run impact of nonperforming loans in the banking sector as well as the economy of Kenya.

Argument on whether strategic planning improves organizational performance is ongoing. Many theorists and practitioners in management possess different views with regards to whether or not strategic planning positively correlates with performance. Some scholars assert that although strategic planning is not the only contributor to high organization performance, organizations with excellently executed strategic plans perform better than those without such plans. The ever increasing performance demands from stakeholders amid the high turbulent and non-linear dynamism in both external and internal organizational environment make strategic planning indispensable. This has obligated the Government, through the MoE to require every public secondary school in Kenya to undertake strategic planning to enhance quality education. It is upon this argument that this study was conceived, with the objectives to determine the strategic planning practices by public secondary schools in Kakamega south sub-county, and to determine the influence of strategic planning on performance. The research used cross-sectional descriptive census survey targeting all the 31 public secondary schools registered by the MoE by 2019. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Through the questionnaires, data was obtained from 28 out of the 31 targeted public secondary schools in the sub-county. Secondary data was collected by obtaining KCSE performance of the schools for the past five years from Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC) website while sports results were sought from the Kakamega South Secondary Schools Sport Association (KSSSSA) files at the sub-County Education offices. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the data analysis. The results showed that 89.3%, 96.4% and 71.4% of the schools have mission, vision and core values respectively. Further, 68% of the schools have a documented strategic plan, although there is least involvement of strategic planning experts in strategy formulation. The study also revealed that strategic planning was positively compares to performance. The study recommended that: (i) All public secondary schools in Kenya to embrace and engage in strategic planning practices. (ii) the education officers including the sub-county QUASOs both from the Ministry and from TSC should use the findings to identify the strategic planning practices that greatly impact performance of the schools and therefore recommend and emphasize them in their school inspection reports, preparation of heads manuals and schools’ Quality policy statements, identification of training needs assessment for schools’ administrators and Senior Management Teams (SMTs) on emerging strategic managerial and administrative issues and on policy guidelines. (iii) School managers and administrators should ensure adequate environmental analysis and elaborate extensive stakeholder involvement in the entire strategic planning practices. The main limitation of the study was that it confined itself to a school set-up and so restricted itself to organizational performance measures in terms of academic progression, performance in other co-curricular activities and stakeholder satisfaction, ignoring the Balanced Scorecard spectrum of organizational performance measurement. Finally, future research should involve similar studies in different contexts using the same or different methodology to establish consensus on the relationship between the variables.

How to create, navigate and sustain business competitiveness in a fast paced and technological or other market disruptions without negatively impacting on organization’s most valuable resource, its employees is the singular and omnipresent challenge in most organizations today. In order to achieve and overcome the above challenge, it’s imperative for progressive and dynamic organizations to have well-structured career development programs. This is primarily because, career development programs increasingly target twin objectives; organizational performance and employees’ expectations. A well-crafted and implemented career development policy with a vision to create a congruency of organization business objectives and employees career goals and expectations, puts the organization in the right pedestal to achieve employees’ job satisfaction. Hence making the organization the employer of choice and increasing the level of staff retention. While there exist tones of literature on employee satisfaction and its influences, there is sparse literature concerning the role of professional development practices or programs especially in security sector, more so from developing economies. The study examined this topic by enquiring the perceived impact of career development programs on job satisfaction at Administration Police Service (APS), headquarters, in Kenya. This study applied two theories, social cognitive as the anchor theory to explain the concept of career success while two factor theory to understand the concept of motivation. The study applied descriptive research design, Pearson correlation and regression analysis models. The total respondents or population under study was 319 employees of the Administration Police Service, Headquarters with a sample of 64 being selected by use of stratified random sampling method. A study questionnaire was utilized as an instrument during data collection. The analysis was effected by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software for inferential statistics. The study findings concluded that majority of respondents agreed that career development practices of training; career planning, career counselling, mentorship and coaching; and socialization are vital tools to job satisfaction. The study found that career development programs had a positive relationship with employees’ job satisfaction in APS. The respondents highlighted their expectations from employer in guiding them to navigate their career journey. The research findings show that career development practices in Administration Police Service also have significant relationship with job satisfaction. However, these programs should be well-structured and coordinated to achieve desired results. In summary the study found out that career development programs can be a useful organizational tool kit to create employees job satisfaction and achievement of business objectives. This is by aligning them with employees’ expectations in terms of careers to create job satisfaction

The promotion of community policing in East Africa (especially Kenya and Tanzania); has been criticized as typically entailing the imposition of best practice models derived elsewhere with little regard for context. The general objective of the study was to critically examine the relationship between national security and community policing strategies in East Africa by identifying the challenges in community policing and security systems in place. More specifically, the study was: To investigate the existing community policing strategies in Kenya and Tanzania; To examine the effectiveness of community policing strategies on police-citizen relations and to determine the challenges and the gaps existing between the community policing and national security in Kenya and Tanzania. The theoretical framework used in this study was Kuhn theory of revolution and system theory. The overall method adopted for the study was the Case Study method. For data generation, use of primary and secondary sources were employed, where questionnaires was used to collect data. The study had its main focus on East Africa in particular Tanzania and Kenya. Primary data collection was done in Nairobi, Kenya and Dodoma in Tanzania. The two field study locations were chosen because they are the capital cities and administrative headquarters of the two countries under investigation for both Kenya Police and Tanzania Police; in addition they are more likely to encounter criminal activities due to high population. In this study, the targeted population from which general conclusions were drawn from covered four categories, namely OCD, OCS, police, and citizens. The populations which were sampled targeted about 200 respondents across the board; 100 from Kenya and 100 from Tanzania. The study adopted purposive and random sampling technique to select respondents. Based on the findings it was noted that the perception on impact of CP in reducing fear of crime is good and satisfactory. Generally, the study revealed that there is perceived improvement of CP in reducing fear of crime in Nairobi, Kenya and Dodoma in Tanzania. CBP in practice includes: police and community training and capacity building, the development of a national CBP policy, strategic planning and pilot CBP at the local level; Pilot CBP programmes can include community safety/information centres and support for local partnership safety projects. As observed overally, the piloting of CBP has improved trust and cooperation between the police, civil society and the communities. It was concluded that; the sustainability of CP in Kenya and Tanzania depends on improved policy environment, skilled, knowledgeable and motivated human resource, sustainable financial systems, equipment and technological systems. For the Tanzanian case, the concept has taken root unlike for the Kenyan case that is still making the baby steps and this is because Tanzania adopted communist approach which became a culture allowing the community policing strategy to take root more quickly. Kenya on the other end adopted the capitalist approach hence adopting community policy has picked albeit slowly. The study recommends that, there is a need for the governments to develop national policy on CP that will guide on better police practice, build trust of people to the police, enhancing community engagement and improvement of police as well as local government agencies hence reducing fear of crime xii

The research set to investigate impacts of macroeconomic variables on performance of domestic investments for Kenya from 1975 to 2018. ARDL estimation technique was employed in estimation of domestic investments model. Macroeconomic variables under study included; GDP, Government expenditure, inflation, interest rates, amount of credit to private sector, external debts, trade openness and exchange rates. Time series properties on stationarity test were conducted using ADF unit root tests. The finding showed existence of differences between macroeconomic factors on domestic investment. For the long run period, results revealed existence of significant effects for GDP, public expenditure, real exchange rates and trade openness variables on domestic investments in Kenya. However, no significant effects established for the inflation, real interest rates, external debts and credit to private sector on domestic investment. Conversely, the estimated short-run model revealed that GDP annual growth rate, public expenditure, external public debts first lag and real exchange rate first lag had short run significant effects on the performance of domestic investment at 5% significant level. The rest of the variables that include, credit to private sector, inflation, interests’ rates, trade openness had expected signs but coefficients were not significant. Shocks in the economy were represented by co-integrating ECM coefficient of negative 0.76 and t-statistics significant at 5% level. This suggests that previous short run shocks convergence to long run equilibrium at a speed of 76% thus takes approximately one and half years. The results suggest the need for the government of Kenya to ensure enabling macroeconomic environment and promote domestic investment enhancing policy for accelerating economic transformation.

This study explored solid waste management and suitable dump site selection using GIS in Homa-Bay town. Solid Waste management (SWM) is an environmental global issue which is a major problem in the world today. Many towns and urban centres that have rapid urbanization and population growth inevitably face the challenges of selection of suitable solid waste dumping sites Rapid technological development, which has increased consumption, is also a contributing factor to rapid solid waste generation. The project focused on the following areas of solid waste management in Homa-Bay town: efficient and economical collection methods, identification and allocation of proper dumping sites and relocation of dumping bins for users. To achieve optimal waste management system, GIS was used as an effective tool in selecting suitable disposal sites in Homa-Bay town.