Change management is critical in a business organization's reaction to changes in technology, market dynamics, data structures, the global monetary system, social values, and the political environment in which it works. Commercial banks in Kenya have intensified their response to the financial environmental changes so that they can enhance on the banks’ market position. Chase Bank in Kenya was a duly registered and operational in Kenya under the supervision of the Central Bank of Kenya. On sixth April 2016, it was placed under statutory control due to big insider lending and distinct cooperate governance situations similarly to non-performance and compliance to the CBK reporting parameters. In the year 2018 CBK announced that the SBM may acquire strategic assets and liabilities of the financial institution. The goal of this research was to learn about SBM Bank's change management techniques during the Chase Bank acquisition. Organization learning theory, the Adkar model of change management, and Lippitt's stages of change theory were all used in this study. A case study was employed in this research. This is suitable since it is a research method that focuses on a thorough examination. This research gathered both primary and secondary data. Five department heads from SBM bank were interviewed for primary data. Project manager, senior manager strategy, business analytics manager, change management manager, and operations manager were among them. Content analysis was employed in investigating the respondents’ views and understanding of change management using various techniques. Various factors have led to change management success in SBM bank, for instance effective communication channels; a conducive environment that supports change management; employee involvement; clear aims and planning; employee training; an appropriate structure, implementing flexibility and leadership; positive attitude towards change management success; support from the top management; teamwork; and capacity building. According to the findings, good change management can only be accomplished in businesses that appreciate and respect each employee's potential contribution. Change management is easy for SBM Bank Kenya Limited because they have a policy of regular, open communication. This guarantees that the need for change is widely recognized within the organization, as well as strong support for successful change management. The study recommended that to ensure that the process of strategic change management takes the appropriate direction; the organization management team have to develop frameworks that will come up with the best decisions possible.

This study sought to understand how various perceived factors influence the performance of Maternal and Child Health Program. The researcher has vast experience in working in programs around children aged 0-5 years. This experience informed the choice of factors to settle for. These factors are; access to appropriate health services, personal characteristics of clients, availability of equipment in Mother and Child Health department in the facilities and COVID-19 mitigation protocols (as these have tremendously influenced the performance in MCHP over the last two years). This research project sought to establish the influence of these factors on performance of MCHP in terms of how services are offered and sort-for in health centers and in the community level. The Sub- County made significant progress in maternal and child health in the past years, through the support of the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders like non-governmental organizations (UNICEF, Concern Worldwide, Linda mama, Child Fund, feed the children, save the children, HOPE international, Afya jijini by USAID, just to mention a few). The research design for the study was survey design. The design employed aspects of both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The researcher intended to get detailed information by using survey through; using both open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires, conducting caregiver interviews (for female caregivers), and Key Informant Interviews (Nurses in the MCH Clinics, Community Health Workers, Community health Assistants). It is a sequential mixed methods study. In this study, there was need to first carry out a rapid telephone survey of households with expectant mothers and caregivers of children between 0-5 years living in these urban informal settlements. Based on the results of the rapid telephone survey, an in-depth qualitative interview (n=7) was carried out. Descriptive statistics that were used for preliminary analysis were; frequencies, means and standard deviations. For qualitative analysis, audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and content translated into English. After in-depth reading and reflection of the scripts, coding was done. Framework and content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Conclusions were; access to healthcare services positively affects the performance of MCHP, there was no significant influence of personal characteristics of clients to performance of MCHP, availability of equipment in the health facilities positively influences the performance or MCHP and, COVID-19 mitigation protocols negatively influenced the performance of MCHP.

The absolute and unfettered discretion1of the Attorney1General to enter nolle prosequi was a prerogative of the Crown under common law. This practice extended to British colonies. At independence, Kenya adopted this English tradition in its independence Constitution. However, its practical application in post-colonial Kenya led to numerous injustices arising largely from the improper termination of criminal cases. As a result, the public demand for constitutional reform necessarily included a demand for reform of these prosecutorial powers. As a result, the Kenyan Constitution of 2010 made significant reforms, stripping the Attorney General of all prosecutorial responsibilities and putting them in the Director of Public Prosecutions (the DPP). Furthermore, the Constitution mandated that, in exercising the modified nolle prosequi, the DPP shall consider the public interest, administrative law interests, and the need to prevent and avoid judicial process discrimination. The postulation of this thesis is that despite the radical changes introduced by the Constitution of Kenya 2010, the exercise of the reformed nolle prosequi remains uncertain and ineffective because there are insufficient guidelines on how these broad principles ought to be applied in the exercise of the said powers. An analysis of the subsequent action by the DPP as well as ensuing judicial decisions reveal that the very abuse of this power is still rampant. The thesis therefore seeks to explore the efficacy of the afore-stated constitutional principles on the reformed nolle prosequi. It assesses whether the said principles are sufficient guarantees to the fair dispensation....................................................................

The service delivery in academic libraries in Kenya has been regressing due to the failure of Digital Librarians (DLns) to perform optimally. This study aimed at developing a proposed framework for digital librarianship in academic libraries in Kenya with special emphasis to three selected public academic institutional libraries namely the University of Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta Memorial Library, Technical University of Kenya Library and Multimedia University of Kenya Library. The study’s specific objectives were to determine the roles played by the current DLns’ in academic libraries, establish job description of DLns’ in various academic libraries in Kenya, ascertain DLns best practices, and to implement a viable digital librarianship conceptual framework. The study adopted three theories namely, Core Competency Theory (CCT), Occupational Self-Efficacy Theory (OST) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study used a survey research with open-ended questionnaire designed as per the objectives of the study. Relevant literature review was conducted to identify the DLns’ roles, job description, and skills for developing and managing DLs. A purposively selected sample of 30 Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals from the three selected academic libraries in charge of Digital Information Services (DIS) and managing electronic resources in Nairobi County-Kenya were selected and interviewed. A piloted self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information from these respondents. A total of thirty (30) questionnaires to the LIS professionals-ten from each of the three selected academic libraries were administered. The data was analyzed using SPSS software v25. The findings revealed a disconnect between digital librarians’ roles and their job descriptions where 59.1% of respondents agreed whereas 40.9% had no idea whether there was any disconnect or not. A majority (72.73%) of the respondents also indicated that there was no formal conceptual framework for digital librarians’ roles and recommended that such a model should be developed and that the model should incorporate such elements such as, e-resources management, job descriptions, policies, and strategic planning. The study also established that only one-fifth or 20% were digital librarians in academic libraries in Kenya. Moreover, the specific roles of the few DLns that are serving in academic libraries are not clear or not known and what is described in their job descriptions (JDs) is not what they do in their daily tasks. However, academic libraries should designate DLns to specific roles, duties and responsibilities which should also form part of their job. The study thus developed a proposed conceptual framework for DLns’ that details the pertinent issues currently facing academic libraries when hiring DLns. The study recommended that the provided framework be adopted to guide library managers in identifying the needs of staff training and selecting the most adequate training method as well as settling on the best practices to be sent to staff for training and development.

Access to uncompromised health care is a basic human right championed by both the UN and enshrined in the Kenyan constitution 2010. Every citizen is supposed to have ease of access to a health facility and get proper medical care irrespective of their financial status. Outpatient care is a key determinant of a healthy population in two main ways. (1) The progression from a simple to a complicated health problem, if well attended to earlier could be diverted and (2) it has a direct effect on the financial effect on households in Kenya. Previous studies have reported catastrophic effects as a result of Out of Pocket (OOP) spending on health care leading to as many as 1.1 million Kenyans to poverty every year. Report by the Kenya Household Health and Utilization Survey indicated that Kenyans spend 48.4 Billion on health care through OOP spending of which outpatient care accounted for 78%. This shows the need to investigate the outpatient care access as it is a huge contributor to catastrophic spending among individuals in Kenya. The main aim of the study was to determine factors affecting patients’ distance in seeking for outpatient health care in Kenya. This study utilized the binary probit regression model to assess the covariates that predict distance travelled to access outpatient care. The data utilized, was a secondary analysis of the Kenya Household Expenditure and Utilization Survey (KHHEUS) that was collected in 2018 with a primary focus of monitoring how Kenyans utilized outpatient and inpatient care in Kenya. We analyzed individual data on 6191 individuals who had complete data. Using the binary probit regression model, we reported results at 95% confidence interval whereby we determined that residence, facility type, mode of transport, education, and wealth index were associated with distance travelled to seek outpatient care. It is noteworthy that those who live in rural residence and the poorest travel long distance to access outpatient care. Therefore, the government should make policies that target increasing the number of outpatient health facilities, that are well equipped to handle more health cases that will see the rural travel short distance for care. Policies that will see a decrease in poverty also need to be formulated so that people can have financial freedom of accessing care wherever they wish and close to where they live.

Service delivery in public institutions has been under focus in recent years. Most public institutions in the world have been under scrutiny for failing to deliver services to the satisfaction of the citizens. Consequently, there has been a growing demand for public institutions to comply with corporate governance practices. This study, therefore, was aimed at evaluating the effect of corporate governance on service delivery; case study of the National Cereals and Produce Board in Kenya. The specific objectives were; to determine the influence of internal controls on service delivery, to evaluate the effect of transparency on service delivery, and to establish the influence of risk assessment on service delivery. The study covered a period of five years which is the year 2015 to 2019 according to the National Cereals and Produce Board strategic plan period. There are various branches in Kenya but the study was limited to the Head office since they have consolidated information that covers all branches in the country. The study was premised on the stakeholder theory and the agency theory. A case study research design was used. The population of the study was 307 comprising the top managers, partners, and employees of the Board. The sample size was 154. The test for reliability and validity was done the results for reliability using Cronbach’s coefficient was 0.870. data collection was done using the questionnaires mainly targeting the employees and partners while interview guides were administered to top managers to get in-depth information on the subject matter. Consequently, the rate of response was 60% for the questionnaires and 75% for the interviews. The outcome indicated that internal controls, transparency and risk assessment, had a significant and positive effects on service delivery since the p values were 0.005, 0.000, and 0.002 respectively. To foster transparency, the study recommends that a clear line of communication at the NCPB need to be established to ensure that information is disseminated to all the stakeholders in a timely way. The study also recommends that mechanism towards preventing the conflict of interest be put in place for instance proper disclosure of the owners of the companies and businesses that supplies grain to the Board. Whistle-blowing mechanisms also need to be enhanced to prevent fraud and corrupt practices. The study recommends that employees at all levels should be trained on risk management practices particularly on the market risks. The Board should also develop a comprehensive mechanism for the identification of traders who are likely to pose a potential risk to the organization in terms of illegal traders. Further, in liaison with the Ministry of Agriculture, the Board should come up with a limit as to how much a single trader can supply to prevent illegal traders and prevent the exploitation of small farmers. Lastly, the study recommends that the Board should consider automatic its internal control systems to enable accuracy in the transactions and efficiency in the processes like procurement.

One of the most pressing concerns about how the market perceives high earnings quality is the impact of financial reporting quality on a company's subsequent performance. The market favourably judges those firms that have are highly capable of providing quality financial data to shareholders and other stakeholders, having demonstrated that firms with quality financial data have a relatively better worth in the future, aiming for the elimination or avoidance of information asymmetries among market participants. The overall objective of the study was to establish the impact of discretionary accruals on the earnings quality of Nairobi Securities Exchange-listed companies. It also aimed at reviewing the increasing body of theoretical and empirical studies that have endeavored to examine the range of magnitude and effects of discretionary accruals on earnings quality. The agency, stakeholder, and signalling theories guided the current study. The current study utilized the descriptive research design. The target population was all the 64 listed firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study employed a census and it analyzed the whole population. The unit period of analysis was annual, and data was collected for the period from 2016 to 2020; the period comprised of five years. The study applied correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model with the technique of estimation being Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) so as to establish the relationship of discretionary accruals and earnings quality. The study findings were that total accruals (R=0.0081; p=0.8929>0.05), deferred tax expense (R=0.0235; p=0.6946>0.05), Modified Jones dis. accruals (R=-0.0112; p=0.8512>0.05), Fwd-Look Dis. accruals (R=0.0062; p=0.9170>0.05), and firm size (R=0.0638; p=0.2855>0.05) do not have a significant correlation with firm value. Further study findings established that the model entailing; total accruals, deferred tax expense, Modified Jones dis. accruals, and Fwd-Look Dis. accruals, as well as firm size explains earnings quality to a very least extent with a coefficient of determination value of 0.45%. Additional study findings were that the model consisting of total accruals, deferred tax expense, Modified Jones dis. accruals, and Fwd-Look Dis. accruals, as well as firm size significantly predicts earnings quality (Prob>chi2=0.0000<0.05). Final study findings were that total accruals (p=0.319>0.05), deferred tax expense (p=0.962>0.05), Modified Jones dis. accruals (p=0.532>0.05), Fwd-Look Dis. accruals (p=0.868>0.05), and firm size (p=0.475>0.05) do not each individually have a significant relationship with firm value. Policy recommendations are made to the government officials and policy formulators in the financial sector, mainly the regulator, the Capital Markets Authority (CMA), and the Treasury, to focus on discretionary accruals when endeavouring to boost firm earnings quality in order to spur the development of capital markets. CMA as well as NSE should boost their surveillance and monitoring of listed firms to stem discretionary accruals which will in turn boost the firms’ earnings quality, and ultimately their value. Recommendations are also generated to the financial analysts to estimate market capitalization, and by extension, securities value, by gauging the extent to which firms employ discretionary accruals. The earnings quality of firms that rampantly utilize discretionary accruals will most likely to be poor. Finally, recommendations are made to consultants and listed firms practitioners should focus on discretionary accruals to time strategies like securities exchange listings, rights issues, and dividend pay-outs. Less use of discretionary accruals will signal earnings quality which will rave up demand of the firms’ security instrument offerings.

Accountability linked to finance has been quite possibly the most dangerous and pervasive issue for organizations globally for quite a while. They informed the basis for this study whose general objective was to examine the impact of financial accountability on the financial sustainability of Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya. Resource mobilization theory, agency theory and fraud triangle theory guided the research. The investigation applied a research case and investigated all the 251 NGOs operating in Nairobi County due to the convenience of accessibility of the facility. The research relied on primary data gathered by administering a questionnaire that is structured through the Likert measurement scale. The mean score for each characteristic was determined and the standard deviation applied to decipher the respondent's deviation from the mean. Additionally, quantitative data was analyzed through correlation and regression analysis. The outcomes were introduced on recurrence appropriation pie graphs, tables, pie, and bar outlines. The correlation results displayed that financial planning services had a useful remarkable correlation with financial sustainability (p=0.000, r=0.761), financial management services had a useful and remarkable correlation with financial sustainability (p=0.000, r=0.781) and management competence had a positive significant correlation with financial sustainability (p=0.000, r=0.714). Results also showed that financial planning services had a useful and remarkable effect on financial sustainability (β=0.358, p=0.000). In addition, outcomes displayed that financial management services had a useful and remarkable effect on financial sustainability (β=0.565, p=0.000). findings also indicated that management competence had caused a useful and remarkable effect on financial sustainability (β=0.389, p=0.000). The study concluded that financial accountability impacted the financial sustainability of NGOs in Kenya. The research concluded that the impact was positive. The specific aspects of financial accountability that impacted financial sustainability were finance planning services, financial management services and management competence. However, the study concluded that for some aspects had greater impact than others. For instance, financial management practices had the greatest impact, followed by management competence and the financial planning services. the researcher recommends that the management of non-governmental organizations in Kenya should ensure that the hire competent staff who are able to execute laid out plans appropriately. They should be keen to identify staff who have the right skills during the recruitment process. Additionally, they should engage their staff in retraining programs with an aim of keeping them at par with the changes in the NGO world. The study recommends that the same research be carried out aiming on Community Based Organizations (CBOs). This would help to compare the two types of organizations as they have some similarities.