The objective of this study was mainly to investigate factors responsible for survival of Uganda’s small and medium businesses. The investigations were based on the records of the businesses from the survey done by Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Business survival was measured from the year when the business started operations to the year when the survey was conducted (2010) excluding those started before 1987. A time-to-event approach in a Cox Proportional Hazard model was adopted in the analysis. In the results, a total of 212,511 businesses were considered to have exited operations by the time of the survey. A median survival period of 4.85 years (range, 1 – 23) estimated indicates a low survival rate of Uganda’s businesses. From the multivariate assessment, the rate of exit of businesses was significantly (p<0.05) higher for businesses located in the central, those employing more number of employees, owned by non-Ugandans, not of sole proprietorship and those considered not to be innovative (owning a computer, using a computer and using internet). The findings of this study point to a need to scale up measures aimed at ensuring that the survival levels of businesses in the Country improve like significantly encourage the use of ICT and reduce ICT related costs, creation and gazzetting of areas mainly for businesses like creation of industrial parks and organizing similar businesses in the same locality for easy movement of factors of production; and training the citizens mainly in skills development.

Kampala Capital City serves as an economically vibrant city with urbanization and faster population growth that keeps on increasing over the years. This has facilitated the rising demand for goods and services which leads to increased urban mobility and movement of people within the precincts of Kampala Metropolitan Area. Economic growth and socio-economic development creates the demand for the rising urban mobility. The demand for urban mobility enhances the use of private and public vehicles. As a result, the rise in the demand for transport facilities plays a significant role in generating road traffic congestion and demeaning the urban setting within the CBD of Kampala. This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of existing policy frameworks on road traffic congestion in Uganda with special emphasis on GKMA. The study used a cross-sectional survey design combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches with the help of primary data using a questionnaire. The specific objectives that guided this study are; examining the extent of change of traffic congestion from implementation of existing policy frameworks on road traffic congestion; determining the extent of achievement of objectives of existing policy frameworks on road traffic congestion; assessing the extent of realization of expected outcomes of existing policy frameworks on road traffic congestion and examining Stakeholders’ and beneficiaries' knowledge, understanding and capacity to carry out actions of the existing policy frameworks on road traffic congestion. The study found that the existing policy frameworks on road traffic congestion are not effectively implemented. The findings indicated that the number of vehicles on the road has increased over time as only one percent cover pedestrians. Vehicles on Kampala roads took an average time of one hour on the road is, and all exit and entry routes to CBD including Gayaza road, Masaka-Busega road, Kamwokya-Kisaasi road, Namugongo-Ntinda-Kamwokya, Entebbe road, and Sir Apollo Kagwa road were highly congested. The Causes of traffic congestion were persistent which all demonstrated that the problem of traffic congestion had increased. The study further established that neither the objectives nor the expected outcomes stipulated in the existing policy frameworks had been achieved. Instead, negative consequences of traffic congestion continued to emerge inform of high average travel time, high freight transportation costs, wastages of time in traffic, productivity loss and money loss which are ensued as a result of road traffic congestion. The assessment of stakeholders’ knowledge of existing policy frameworks on traffic congestion indicated that more than 50 percent of the respondents were unaware of existing policy frameworks and how they are implemented and enforced. In conclusion, therefore, the study demonstrated that the existing policy frameworks on road traffic congestion had not been effective in tackling the problem of road traffic congestion in GKMA. The study recommends that a regulatory impact assessment on traffic congestion is carried out to understand the issue of concern, its causes and effects so as identify the most feasible policy option for reducing road traffic congestion in GKMA that is logical, evidence based and inclusive for road traffic congestion. The study also recommends that the government carries out extensive consultation, sensitization and awareness drives regarding the existing policy frameworks on road traffic congestion amongst all relevant stakeholders to enhance implementation, enforcement, accountability, learning, monitoring and evaluation for improved service delivery. The study also argues the government to consider reinstating the construction of the Uganda railway. Based on the study findings, construction of Uganda railway can help to minimize the problem of road traffic congestion as people will now be using the railway option instead of congesting the CBD with the available public and private transport means. Key Words: Public Policy Effectiveness; Kampala; GKMA; Uganda; CBD; Traffic Congestion

The study evaluated the effect of inclusion of pregelatinized cassava flour on bread quality. High quality cassava flour (HQCF) was extruded at different moisture content of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Bread prepared from blends of HQCF and wheat flour was evaluated to determine the suitability of pregelatinized HQCF as a partial replacement for wheat flour. Bread was prepared using ratios 0:100, 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 HQCF: wheat flour respectively. The bread loaves were assessed for their physical and sensory properties. The results showed that feed moisture and substitution level in wheat bread during extrusion influenced specific volume crumb hardness and oven spring Texture analysis results confirmed a positive effect of partial substitution by pregelatinized cassava flour in bread on retarding staling while the denser structure of the pregelatinized starch bread prevented the same positive impact on texture and staling. Results indicate that increase in feed moisture and substitution level in wheat bread increases crumb hardness, Increase in substitution and extrusion feed moisture treatment increase specific volume of bread. Increase in feed moisture during extrusion and substitution percentage lowered the ability of the bread to hold the gas through the oven.

This study was carried out to establish the level of awareness and adherence towards Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in secondary schools and surrounding communities in Kyankwanzi district. 140 respondents were selected, among those; 70 were from the surrounding communities, 70 were secondary school learners, and 10 were secondary school administrators, 8 secondary schools were selected for the study. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and observations sheets. This study sought to examine the following objectives; to establish the level of awareness of the people in Kyankwanzi District about SARS-CoV2, to establish the avenues through which the people in Kyankwanzi District acquire awareness about SARS-CoV2, and to establish the effectiveness of the strategies put forward to stop the spread of SARS-CoV2 in Kyankwanzi District. The aim of the study was to establish the level of awareness of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 among people in Kyankwanzi District. This study will help common men to understand the intensity of infection and its symptoms and precaution. The study has revealed that the people of Kyankwanzi are aware of what corona virus is, and Covid 19, this has been through knowing how the disease is transmitted like through body contact, through air, and touching contaminated surfaces. Also knowing the signs and symptoms like headache, sneezing, high temperature and coughing. The people of Kyankwanzi further are quite aware of how it is controlled that is through social distancing, wearing a face mask and so many others. this has been due to the massive awareness through Television, radio, Newspapers, internet, Local health workers and posters. The people of Kyankwanzi have continued to adhere to the standard operating procedures whereby majority have continued to put on a mask when in public, washed their hands many times a day and have sanitized many times a day. A substantial number of people in Kyankwanzi face challenges while adhering to the standard operating procedures, these challenges include difficulty breathing, pain on ears for wearing a mask, expensive to observe, and irritating smell of masks and sanitizers

This study was carried out in Semuliki National Park (SNP) in western Uganda to assess the invasive potential of selected alien plant species. The aim was to determine the density and size class distribution of invasive alien plants and how environmental factors influenced their distribution in disturbed and undisturbed forest. The hypothesis was that alien plant species would be restricted to disturbed forest and not occur in undisturbed forest. The sampling sites were located in Rwakasenyi (SS1), Sempaya (SS2), Bumaga (SS3), Ntotoro (SS4), and Nsaara (SS5). Data collection was done in nested plots of 20mx10m established on alternate sides of transects running from disturbed into undisturbed forest. The results show that Cedrela odorata, Senna siamea, Theobroma cacao, Coffea canephora and Ananas comosus were the most common invasive alien plant species. However, C. canephora and C.odorata appear to be the most invasive. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in mean density of alien plant species between undisturbed and disturbed forest compartments. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in size class distribution of alien plant species between undisturbed and disturbed forest compartments. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) biplot shows a significant correlation between alien plant species abundance and environmental factors. The soil types (loam, sand, and clay), canopy cover, forest vegetation, cultivation and dense herb cover played a significant role in influencing the distribution of alien plant species in undisturbed and disturbed forest compartments. Consistent with studies from other ecosystems, areas with high anthropogenic disturbance have a high percentage of alien plants probably due to the availability of resources. However, contrary to our hypothesis, natural areas of tropical forests were found susceptible to some alien plant species invasion. Native foraging herbivores like baboons, monkeys and birds probably act as the agents of dispersal for alien plant invasion in Semuliki National Park by dispersing edible seeds of T. cacao and C. canephora, whereas C. odorata the main disperser is wind and water in rivers. Disturbance highly influenced alien species abundance and its interaction with environmental and site conditions thus enabling alien plants to persist in disturbed forest and the resultant invasion of undisturbed forest. Park managers should monitor such interactions to reduce the invasiveness.

Although health insurance is not new in Uganda, the proportion of the population that utilises it, is at a meager 5 percent, with willingness to pay for health insurance standing at only 11 percent. In the absence of a national health insurance scheme, health sector financing is largely not pre-paid. Therefore, it is against this background that the study examined the determinants of demand for health insurance in Uganda. The study applied a logit model to secondary data from the UNHS 2016/17 conducted by UBOS and the results reveal that awareness about health insurance, age of an individual, one’s marital status, the education level, area of residence, wealth and the size of a household are significantly associated with demand (utilisation) for health insurance, whereas awareness, marital status, health status, education level, area of residence, size of a household, wealth, the region of residence, as well as suffering from a non-communicable disease are significantly associated with an individual’s willingness to pay for health insurance. Results further reveal that an individual’s gender (male or female), age as well as price (expenditure on medical and health care) are not significantly associated with willingness to pay for health insurance. Most Ugandans are not aware of health insurance as a mode of paying for medical care yet awareness proved as a very crucial factor in determining the demand for health insurance. Generally, the willingness to pay does not translate into actual utilisation of health insurance in Uganda. The study therefore, recommends for promoting of awareness about health insurance, increasing the literacy levels of Ugandans through education, promoting poverty reduction income enhancing programmes as well as urgently implementing a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).

Utafiti huu unahusu,Kuchambua Historia na maendeleo ya Riwaya za Kiswahili Nchini Uganda kuanzia Mwaka was 2005- Sasa Katika Sekta ya Elimu .Pia Utafiti huu Umedadavua Kwa Undani Changamoto Ambazo waandishi Wa Riwaya za Kiswahili Wanakumbana Nchini Uganda na Kupitia.Mwishowe Utafiti huu umetoa Pendekezo Chinzi Changamoto Hizo zitatatuliwa.

Narcotic drug abuse is among the major crimes committed in Uganda. The country continues to suffer with this crime because it compromises peace, the socio-economic wellbeing of the people and deters economic growth and development. Although statistics released by the Uganda Police Force over the last five years indicate a decreasing trend in number of narcotic drugs related crimes, the number of cases registered remains high. According to the Police Annual Crime and Traffic/Road Safety Reports (2015-2020), there is slow progress in efforts to eradicate narcotic drug abuse and highlight challenges that include; gaps in the narcotic law, inadequate human resource, obsolete technologies and tools as some of the factors that undermine the effectiveness of the fight against narcotic drug abuse by the Uganda Police Force. This thesis contains an evaluation of the legal frameworks and the capacity of the Uganda Police Force in eradicating narcotic drug abuse. The evaluation includes a critical analysis of the available narcotic drug laws and how the Uganda Police Force as an enforcement institution has applied them to eradicate narcotic drug abuse. Through interviews and documentary reviews, the researcher analyses the effectiveness of the legal frameworks in eradicating narcotic drug abuse in Uganda with emphasis on Kampala Metropolitan Policing Area between the years 2015 -2020. In the process of providing such critical evaluation, and where relevant, the researcher also includes a comparative analysis of the relevant legal instruments and the narcotic drug problem in other jurisdictions, most notably the United Kingdom, United States of America, China and Mexico, which have experienced a lot of cases and literature on Narcotic drug abuse. The researcher observes that there are several gaps within the legal frameworks and institutional weaknesses within the Uganda Police Force that affect the eradication of narcotic drugs in Uganda. The researcher concludes with some recommendations to various stakeholders on how narcotic drug abuse can be eradicated.

Recently, there is a growing recognition that households especially in rural areas that receive their income from diverse portfolio of activities, have higher welfare, yet the evidence on the effects of non-farm incomes on household welfare in developing countries like Uganda remains scanty. This study examines the effects of non-farm incomes (wage employment, non-agricultural enterprises, transfers, property incomes, and remittances) on household welfare in Uganda. Using data from three recent waves of the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS)—2011/12, 2013/14 and 2015/16—and applying a fixed effects panel model, the results indicate that; 1) having non-farm incomes has a significant positive differential effect on household welfare; 2) Having Nonagricultural enterprises is associated with the highest positive significant effects on welfare; and 3) higher level of education of the household head is associated with higher household welfare. The key policy message from these findings is that Government needs to focus on the formulation and implementation of policies aimed at encouraging households (especially those in rural areas) to diversify their income sources in order to improve their human well-being. Prioritizing the attainment of higher education levels through increased access and retention at higher education and reducing the high population growth rate. Addressing binding constraints to income diversification, through for instance, enhancing access to affordable finance and entrepreneurship skills of the labour force, is likely to increase non-farm incomes and lead to better standards of living particularly for the households. Keywords: Uganda, Non-farm Incomes, Household Welfare.