The pulp of tamarind (Tamarindus indica LINN) is rich in nutrients and health promoting properties like antioxidants that can be a remedy to oxidative stress and aging, gastro-intestinal complications plus other metabolic disorders. Its consumption is still very low in Uganda, making its production and commercialization remain low. This is due to its astringent taste caused by a rare tartaric acid in tamarind that lessens its sensory acceptability. This study aimed determining the effect of adding mango in different percentages on the physicochemical, sensory acceptability and willingness to purchase (n=30) of a mango-blended concentrate, using standard methods. Varying proportions of tamarind to mango were produced; 100:0, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. Each sample was concentrated at 75oC for 30 minutes with an equal amount of cane sugar. There was a significant difference in the Percentage Total Titratable Acidity (% TTA) of the concentrate samples reduced with mango addition (p≤0.05) where 100% tamarind had the highest (2.1±0.1) and that of 25% tamarind had the lowest (0.8±0.1). In addition, mango significantly increased the total carotenoid content of the concentrate (p≤0.05), whereby the highest mean value (0.03036±0.0 μg/ml) was observed with that of 25% tamarind and lowest (0.00034±0.0μg/ml) recorded with 100% tamarind. There was a significant decrease in vitamin C content with mango addition, 100% tamarind having the highest mean value (24.1±1.00 mg/l) and 25% tamarind having the lowest (12.3±0.00 mg/l). Mango further reduced the pH of the tamarind samples with that of 100% having the lowest (3.01±0.01) and that of 25% having the highest (0.8±0.1). The TSS generally reduced with increase in mango where 100% tamarind had the highest (36.0±1.0) and that of 75% having the lowest (29.0±1.0). The color determined by the Lovibond Tintometer was not statistically significant in all samples at (p≤0.05). The overall consumer acceptability was highest for 25% tamarind (7.67±1.67) and lowest for 100% tamarind (6.53±1.48), similar to willingness to purchase which on the scale of 1 to 5 was highest for 25% tamarind (4.28±1.07) and lowest for 100% tamarind (3.17±1.42). The mango significantly improved the consumer acceptability of the mango-blended tamarind concentrate as well as its vitamin A content.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting Cocoa growing in Uganda using Kiziranfumbi sub county in Kikuube District as the case study. Specifically, the study sought (𝑖) to find out the socio-demographic and socioeconomic factors affecting cocoa growers; (𝑖𝑖) to assess the impact of labor input and capital size; (𝑖𝑖𝑖) examine the effect of credit services and extension services on cocoa growing. To operationalize these objectives, both qualitative and quantitative data was collected using questionnaires which were administered to 95 cocoa farmers in Kiziranfumbi households in the study area. The data collected was tabulated and later analyzed by use of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. All respondents were aged 30 years to 89 years with over 70% of them being male while 26% of them were female. 78% (n = 72) were Christians categorized into born-again Christians while 18% (n = 17) were Muslims. An overwhelming majority (69%; n = 66) of cocoa farmers owned between 1 to 5 acres of land under cocoa cultivation; followed by 22% (n =21) who had less than an acre under cultivation while the least percent (8%; n = 8) had about 6 to 10 acres under cocoa production. The study identified low women participation in Cocoa growing in the area. My results revealed that unlike the number of extension visits and credit access, farmer characteristics including gender of the farmer, earnings from the total harvest, contact with extension agents, household size and farming experience had significant influence on cocoa production. Prices of agricultural chemicals should be heavily subsidized to encourage cocoa farmers acquire them.

Occurrence of false codling moth (Thaumatotobia leucotreta) in export capsicum from Uganda has resulted into horticultural export companies being banned from export. A number of control measures are effective in control at pre-harvest including field sanitation, chemical control,sterile insect techmique, mating disruption, use of insect traps and use of biological control systems. At post-harvest, chemical control using methyl bromide is common but leaves chemical residues and affects the Ozone layer. Cold treatment is a better control option as no residues are left in produce and it is already being used in storage although its effect on false codling moth larva is not known. This study was conducted in a laboratory at the School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University to investigate the effect of cold treatment on false codling moths larva mortality and on the quality of fresh sweet pepper. Fruits obtained from an export company were subjected to treatments; 40C, 70C, 100C and room temperature for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days. Larval mortality (%), weight loss, firmness and decay rate were noted at each day of assessment. Rate of decay was further assessed after shelf period. Data collected was analyzed using Genstat statistical software package 14th edition. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine significant differences within the treatments at 5% (P ≤ 0.05). Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed among different treatments over the exposure period. Mortality increased with decrease in temperature and increase in duration of exposure. The lowest temperature achieved complete larval mortality after exposure period of 6 days. Quality losses were higher in infested fruits than uninfested fruits. At removal from cold treatment, 4oc exhibited the lowest decay rate (0%) compared to other cold treatment temperatures. However at shelf period, it was higher at 40c (70%) compared to other treatment temperatures accounted for by chilling injury. weight loss was lowest at 100c (5.2%) followed by 40c (8.9%) and 70c (13.8%). Firmness was highest at 40c (4.4) at removal from cold treatment. Holding fruits at 40c for at least 6 days achieved complete larval mortality and quality was not compromised by the time of removal from cold treatment. This study therefore recommends holding the fruits at 40c for at least 6 days and maintaining the fruit under cold treatment to ensure quality.

Thestudy “assessment of records storage and retrieval at Butabikahospital in the records registry.”This was guided by the following objectives; To find out the types of records found in ButabikaHopital, to find out how records are stored and retrieved at Butabika Hospital , to find out the current state of the records storage and retrieval at Butabika Hospital,to identify the challenges of records storage and retrieval at Butabika Hospital, to make conclusions on how to maintain records storage and retrieval at Butabika Hospital. This research methodology involved the use of a qualitative research design with a case study approach. Interview and observation document analysis guides were the key data collection instruments. The researcher used a sample size of 6 respondents who comprised of; 3 records officers, 2 Assistant Records Officers and 1 senior records Officer. sampling was used in the study. The study problem under investigation was why records deteriorate and wasting of time in retrieving of Records. The study hoped to benefit researcher for the award of the Bachelor‟s Degree of Records and Archives Management of Makerere University. The study findings revealed that management of records storage and retrieval in Butabika Hospital was not fully effective at the registry in a way that there was inadequate space for storage, records are pilled together and some of them are fixed to each other on the metallic cabinets and shelves, other records are placed on the floor andunskilled staff on electron on records. The study therefore recommends training for the records management and recruiting more qualified staff, adopting a records management system, development of policies and guidelines of records storage and retrieval management, purchase of more modern storage equipment‟s by increasing funding among others , for an improved level of management of records storage and retrieval at Butabika Hospital.

The objective of the study was to develop a dietary fiber powder supplement from smooth Cayenne pineapple residual waste for use in food formulations to enhance fiber consumption in the diet. This helps reduce the gap between individual‟s dietary intake and the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI). The pineapples were washed, peeled and crushed to extract the juice then sieved to remove the residues. The residual pulp and stems were dried at 65°C for 24 hours in a draft oven then ground to a powder. The pineapple powder was divided into four portions and each subjected to separate treatment of blanching at 90°C for 5 minutes and bleaching with 96% ethanol. One portion of the powder was blanched and bleached, the other portion was only blanched, another portion was bleached but not blanched and the control sample was unbleached and not blanched. The effect of blanching and bleaching on the proximate and physicochemical characteristics of the powder were determined using AOAC standard methods. The results indicated that the unblanched and not bleached sample had fiber content of 17.3 %. The blanched but unbleached sample had 28.1 % fiber content and the unblanched but bleached sample had a fiber content of 25.2 %.The blanched and bleached sample had fiber content of 37.5%. The bleached samples had the highest protein content of 4.6 and 4.5 respectively compared to the unbleached samples (2.6 and 2.5). The bleached samples had higher water absorption capacity (497.2 % and 591.8 %), oil absorption capacity (260.5 % and 292.7 %) and pH. (4.3 to 4.4) than the unbleached samples. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in the crude fat and bulk density of the 4 different pineapple powder samples. The dietary fiber pineapple powder from this study has physiochemical properties that make it suitable for inclusion in food formulations to produce products with desired functional properties.

This project aimed at designing an information storage and retrieval system for Merryland High School library, Kigungu. The objectives of the study were: to examine the current system of retrieving information materials in Merryland High School library, to identify the challenges associated with the current retrieval system used in the Merryland High School library, to identify the necessary requirements for designing a new information retrieval system for the Merryland High School library, to design an information retrieval system for Merryland High School. Methodology: we used a case study design with a descriptive research technique that was intended to present a vigorous and up to date description of the current affairs within the research site (Merryland High School library). With the help of questionnaires, observation guides as well as interview guides, the data that was collected was very helpful in designing an information retrieval system for the Merryland High School library. The major findings there was a number of information materials managed by the school library that’s are used by the library users such as; textbooks, question banks, holy books as well as reference books, periodicals like newspapers, reports, charts among others; the information materials within the library are under-utilized due to reasons of not being acquainted with the library services;absence of user education, limited resources and equipment, limited staff to the user needs, limited funds and lastly, lack of information materials in the library. These challenges inspired us, the researchers, to develop an information retrieval system to enable efficient and effective work for the librarians in the retrieval of information materials within the library. Some of these requirements include; security of the information materials, a user friendly interface, a building or facility that can provide online help to the users in aiding their search for the various information materials, library authority to manage the operations of the information retrieval system, compatibility with various operating software or systems to allow data searching and display of search results. In conclusion, an automated storage and retrieval information system would solve most of the problems with the manual system currently being used at Merryland High school library. Recommendations: Merryland Highschool library should adopt the designed information and storage system that shall address most of the challenges above; Librarians should be trained on how to manage the designed system; students should also be trained on how to use ICTs to retrieve information.

This report is about the development of an Agro-Input Management System final year project which was carried out in the period from February 2020 to December 2020. Agro inputs authenticity is important for human health and environmental protection also economic progress of users, dealers and the government benefits through levies. In order to ensure that authentic agro inputs are sold in Uganda, laws have been enacted and government bodies given mandate to enforce these laws. Despite the measures, counterfeits are found in markets. Companies that have spent a lot in research so as to produce authentic agro inputs products end up losing hope as no substantial return in investment. This study targets on an ICT based solution for agro input authenticity verification in the market. In order to prove the need for the solution, literature review has been done and presentation of data gathered from the identified three groups of agro inputs stakeholders, which are regulatory authority, dealers and users preferably farmers all from Mityana district. The findings from the collected data reveals that, despite high awareness on availability of counterfeit pesticides among respondents, still most of them declared to have been buying counterfeits. Hence, there is a need of more reliable agro input management system to help agro input users in authenticity verification of products during purchase.

The main purpose of this study was to identity the relationship between Social Media Use, Peer Pressure and Women’s Attitude Towards Hairstyles. The study was intended to achieve the following objectives; to investigate the relationship between social media use and peer pressure, to find out the relationship between peer pressure and women’s attitude towards hairstyles and to examine the relationship between social media use and women’s attitude towards hairstyles. The study adopted a correlational survey design. The study used a sample of 100 respondents (50 respondents between 18-24 years and 50 respondents between 25-30 years) who were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data for analysis was obtained by use of a standard questionnaire designed by the researcher to find out the relationship between social media use and women’s attitude towards hairstyles and the relationship between peer pressure and women’s attitude towards hairstyles. The results of the study were; there is a negative significant relationship between Social Media Use and Peer Pressure (r=-0.686, p=0.029<0.05), the hypothesis was rejected and concluded that there is a negative relationship between social media use and peer pressure. There is a positive significant relationship between Peer Pressure and Women’s Attitude Towards Hairstyles (p=0.533>0.05), the hypothesis was retained and concluded that there is a positive relationship between peer pressure and women’s attitude towards hairstyles. And there is a negative significant relationship between Social Media Use and Women’s Attitude Towards Hairstyles (p=0.007<0.05). The hypothesis was rejected and concluded that there is a negative significant relationship between social media use and women’s attitude towards hairstyles. The following recommendations were made; more emphasis should be put on inquiring from women about their tastes and preferences of hairstyles to understand what they think can personally work for them so as to boost their self-esteem, identity, confidence in themselves and knowing what they want in order to reduce insecurities they face due to fear of what others will think or say about them. In addition to the above, women should invest more time in discovering their identity so that they don’t have to rely on role models or celebrities or wait for society to dictate and define who they have to be interms of what’s appropriate or not since women can make their own choices that make them unique in their own different ways.

Droughts is a considerable adverse climate events that have always caused large damage to both ecosystems and humans, and agriculture is usually the first economic sector to be affected. The study's main objective was to investigate the droughts events and the associated circulation patterns over different regions in Uganda and the specific objectives were analyzing the trends of drought occurrences and investigating the circulation anomalies associated with the droughts for a period 1989 to 2018. Characteristics of the events were analyzed in terms of intensity, duration, and frequency at different time scales. This provided insight not only into the historical perspective of anomalously dry and wet conditions, but also into the long-term variation of climate in the Uganda. The datasets used in this study included daily rainfall, temperature data obtained from CORDEX extracted for seven meteorological stations (Arua, Gulu, Soroti, Jinja, Kasese, Masindi and Entebbe) spanning a period of 29 years from 1989 to 2018, monthly wind data from ERA-Interim reanalysis. Annual linear trends of drought over Uganda depicted positive linear trends at Arua, Kasese and Soroti stations while negative linear trends were observed at Entebbe, Gulu, Jinja and Masindi stations, Though, not statistically significant (P>0.05). Kasese district registered the highest number of extreme and severe drought events, followed by Gulu, Jinja and Masindi and the least being Entebbe. Linear trends at 500hPa pressure level within the seven districts were statistically significant (P≤0.05), however at 850hPa pressure level, statistically significant trends were only observed at Jinja and Soroti districts. Generally, results for the relationship between circulation anomalies and drought events depicted weak positive linear relationship throughout all the districts at both two pressure levels (500 and 850hPa) except for Masindi at (500hPa) and Kasese at (850hPa). This therefore leads to a partial rejection of the null hypothesis and that there is a relationship between drought events and associated circulation patterns over Uganda.

The use of native starches in the food industry is significantly limited due to the inferiority that has been established in their functional and pasting properties. Studies conducted justify that modified starches offer superior desirable properties that make them more applicable in food product development. It has also been reported that composite flours have enhanced anticipated physicochemical properties including a balance of nutrients necessary to tackle the widespread malnutrition. The study aims at establishing inclusion levels of tamarind seed powder that could confer desirable physicochemical properties in sweet potato flour whilst contributing positively to sensory acceptability of the prepared porridge. Besides the richness of nutrients and minerals, the motive for inclusion of tamarind kernel/seed powder is its pectin content and xyloglucan which are reliable in improving viscosity and paste clarity. To examine the hypotheses that the addition of tamarind seed powder would significantly impact on the physicochemical and sensory acceptance of sweet potato pastes, an experimental study was conducted. Inclusion levels of tamarind kernel powder into sweet potato flour was established based on previous threshold studies found to impact the physicochemical and sensory acceptability of products in which tamarind kernel powder had been added. The different formulated samples were subjected to testing using different data collection tools such as Rapid Visco Analyzer for pasting properties, and UV Spectrophotometer for taking absorbance. Tests were replicated and data analysis done using one-way analysis of variance. The results showed significant (p<0.05) deviations for most of the tested parameters as hypothesized. The observations for WSI, SP, WAC, and bulk density ranged from 55.49-60.83%, 17.98-23.11g/g, 2.32-2.64ml/g and 0.62-0.68g/ml respectively. Addition of TKP decreased transmittance from 21.6 to 2.31%, while increasing peak viscosity from 275.75 to 392.13 RVU, trough viscosity from 120.71 to 189 RVU, breakdown from 155 to 203 RVU, final viscosity from 239.17 to 351.29 RVU, setback from 118.46 to 162.29 RVU, peak time from 4.27 to 4.7 min. The composite flour with 10% TKP obtained the highest overall acceptability with 6.65 rank on a 9-point hedonic scale. These findings confirm the potential to utilization of tamarind kernel powder as source of natural polysaccharide to enhance the physicochemical properties of food products while delivering a great deal of nutrients, micronutrients and antioxidants. The functional properties of the composite flour in this study have revealed that the flours would be a fit for formulation of food products for weaning children.