At Birunga Dairy Industry, due to less attention given to inventory management, there are usually cases of solid waste accumulation mainly the used boxes, packaging material, used bottles and others. Therefore a solid waste audit was conducted to identify what are the major solid wastes, how are they accumulated and which expense they cause to the dairy. A number of steps were followed in audit conduction to full capture the required information According to the research, the major solid wastes identified were the boxes and the packaging materials plus metal losses. The monetary value of the wasted solid wastes was in a range of 5-8 millions /year considering an even production. However, the rate of loss is dependent of the number of productions, machine stability and store management practices. A number of recommendations were brought to the tale in order to bring down the losses and the wastage through proper inventory management and recycle of boxes.

The purpose of this study was to assess the factors contributing to the low uptake of insurance services a case study of market vendors of Rubaga division. The need for insurance services is important for low-income groups as they are more vulnerable to ill-health or death, unexpected expenses, and natural disasters. Consequently, there is need to reach to this group and mitigate their level of risk since when it occurs, it is bound to drive them to deeper level of poverty. To bridge this need, insurance firms have developed products that target this section of the market The study adopted use of primary data, which was collected using Questionnaire approach, data was put in excel for cleaning and imported to Stata 15 .0 for analysis. Findings of the study show that Individual’s level of Startup capital is the crucial factor facilitating uptake of insurance among this cohort. Other individual demographic, economic and social characteristics to include Age, Gender, Marital status, Business ownership and Source of Business startup capital were found to have an insignificant relationship with Uptake of insurance given the data used. The study also established that respondents that had contracts had concerns of them paying continuously their premiums and not having any claim situation something they call a waste of money. The study recommends that further study should be carried out on a large sample cohort of the same kind, this time segmenting it to provide insights on insurance needs of these groups. Microinsurance with appropriate flexible distribution channels is a recommended opportunity to reach the unserved and underserved groups majorly within the informal sector.

Wetlands commonly called swamps in Uganda are estimated to cover about 13% of the total land surface (about 30,000km2) of the country and represent a considerable ecological, social and economic value. However, this coverage is gradually dropping as a result pressure from anthropogenic activities. A case study of Gitundwe wetland in Kisoro district south western Uganda was carried out. The major objectives of this study were to compare the extent of wetland cover for 20years (1999,2009 and 2019), assess community awareness about the impacts of their activities taking place in Gitundwe wetland and their attitudes towards wetland conservation. Landsatmages of 1999, 2009 and 2019 covering Gitundwe wetland were downloaded from United States Geological/Earth explorer. The images revealed that there was a progressive reduction in the wetland size which covered an area of 7.84km2before encroachment at around 1930’s. In 1999, the wetland vegetation had reduced to 5.46km2 (70%), in 2009 it reduced to 4.34km2(55%) and to 3.25km2 (42%) in 2019 and the reasons for the reduction were due to agriculture which increased from 13% in 1999 to 35% in 2019, built up areas from 5% in 1999 to 8% in 2019 and woodlots from 12% to 16% in 2019. Information about wetland use and people’s attitudes towards wetland conservation was collected from people in the five villages sorrounding the wetland and these are Butuga, Gasaro, Buhayo, Mukozi and Kiraro where a total of 86 respondents were interviewed using questionaires and data collected was analysed usings SPSS and Microsoft Excel Packages.The results revealed that activities taking place in the wetland include crop cultivation with 93%, Papyrus harvesting 33%, Brick making 14%, fire wood collection 17%and tourism 13%. The study revealed that the wetland users are aware of the impacts of the activities taking place in the wetland however they look at Gitundwe wetland as their only source of livelihood to the increasing population of the area thus continued wetland encroachment. People’s attitude towards wetland conservation was positive where by 47%of the respondents strongly agreed that there should be conservation education programs to people using Gitundwe wetland, 38% agreed, 14% neutral, 1% disagreed and none strongly disagreed.

This study was conducted to establish the pedestrian behavior in relation to roads with pedestrian’s facilities in Kampala city, cases in study being Makerere hill road and Bombo road. The research aimed at identifying the available pedestrian facilities to support walking along these roads, how pedestrians behave while walking along these roads and what factors influence their behavior. This research was carried out by cross sectional survey, and data was collected using questionnaires and interview responses from respondents selected through random sampling techniques. The data was represented and analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques which was then represented by using graphs and explanations This research work contains the views of the technical team especially the Physical Planner, the division engineer for Kawempe division and traffic officers in charge of the roads in study. It also contains different views pedestrians walking along these roads, the people working along adjacent to these roads, other road users and the scholars that wrote about the areas of concern of the research topic in the section of literature view. The research established that the available pedestrian facilities were generally in good condition and the pedestrian behaviors varied while using different pedestrian facilities. The study also revealed the various factors that influence the pedestrian behaviors among which was the behavior of other road users, the placement of the road facilities, the size and nature of facilities and the design of facilities and most especially their perception of these facilities. Therefore the researcher then drew conclusion from the study and suggested possible and implementable solutions to improve walkability within Kampala city among which was to ensure clear significance of the pedestrian facilities, sensitizing the public on the importance of walking and the functionality of the pedestrian facilities.

Personality traits, perceived social support and depression among youths living with HIV/AIDS. To assess the relationship of personality traits, perceived social support and depression among youths living with HIV/AIDS. The objectives are, to determine the personality traits of youths living with HIV/AIDS, to assess the level of depression among youths living with HIV/AIDS, to establish the relationship between perceived social support and depression among youths living with HIV/AIDS, to find out the relationship between personality traits and perceived social support among youths living with HIV/AIDS. Respondents were only youths living with HIV/AIDS aged between 15 to 35 years of age; a simple random method was used to give all possible subsets an equal probability to be selected to get fifty-nine (59) respondents. Correlation results in table ten showed that there is a significant relationship between personality traits and perceived social support with (r₌ 0.269, p₌0.039) the p value was less in magnitude than 0.05. Correlation results in table 13 indicate a negative degree significant relationship between personality traits and depression among youths living with HIV/AIDS (r₌0.463, p₌0.000), the p value which was 0.00 was less in magnitude than 0.01. Correlation results in table 14 indicate a high negative degree significant relationship between perceived social support and depression among youths living with HIV/AIDS in Kampala district. (r₌ -0.510, p₌0.000), the p value was less in magnitude implying that we had to maintain the alternative hypothesis. In conclusion, results imply that when a person measures in on introversion, s/he is more likely to perceive high social support and a person who measures low on extraversion (introvert) is less likely to perceive high levels of social support. Results also implied that youths who measure high in extraversion and agreeable to experience are less vulnerable to get depression compared to their counterparts, and finally results meant that youths who have high levels of perceived social support are not prone to depression.

Background: Diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of death among children under five. Globally, over 1.7 billion diarrheal cases among infants are recorded every year contributing to about 525,000 deaths in the world a majority occurring in Africa and South Asia. Uganda registers 16,573 deaths among infants with a prevalence of 20% due to diarrheal diseases. Nakapiripirit on the other hand has a prevalence of 24% which is higher than the national statistics. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine prevalence and factors associated with childhood diarrhea so as to reduce the prevalence of diarrheal diseases in Namalu sub-county, Nakapiripirit district. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection was conducted. 246 mothers with children under five at households were randomly selected using a multistage sampling technique, and the Health facility was purposively selected. DHO and VHT members were involved in the study. Data from Epi-collect 5 software was analysed using EPI INFO 7.2.2.6 software and the dependent variable was prevalence of diarrhoea. Association between factors was determined by chi-square with a p-value at 95% level of significance. The output was stated in crude odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals (CI) and P-values. Results: Most respondents were females with an average age 27.15 (5.53). The prevalence was 43.90%. Most mothers sought private health facilities 54.63%. The factors associated with the prevalence of diarrhea were mothers’ age (20-24) years (P<0.0197), Households without latrines (P<0.0000), latrine distance of (25-29) meters (P<0.0213), and not separating the drinking-water container (P<0.0002). Low level of knowledge (P<0.0094) and poor attitude (P<0.0383) were among others. Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of diarrhea is too high. Government and other stakeholders should increase on health education basing on CLTS-approach and family planning in households.

This study examined the factors associated with teenage pregnancy among women aged 15-19 in Uganda basing on data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). The study analyzed 4276 weighted cases of teenage women in STATA version 15. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with teenage pregnancy. Results showed that 25% of the respondents gave their first birth or were currently pregnant in their teen age. At bivariate chi-square results showed that age of the respondents, sex of the household head, place of residence, highest level of education, marital status, wealth quintile, respondents’ knowledge and use of family planning methods were significantly associated with teenage pregnancy among respondents. At further analysis using binary logistic regression, age, education level, marital status, wealth quintile, knowledge and use of family planning methods were significantly associated with teenage pregnancy where a unit increase in age of the respondents increased odds of getting pregnant during teenage, respondents that had not attained any formal education, those that had already been in union (married, divorced/separated or lost their loved ones), those from poor families and those that had knowledge and used modern family planning methods were more likely to get pregnant at teen age The study recommends the need for Government and other stakeholders like parents/guardians of teenage girls to advocate and encourage girl child education in the region and the country at large in order to reduce on early pregnancy among less educated girls and those no going to school. More so, there is need for more strict laws on early marriage and force marriage in the country in order to combat increasing teenage pregnancies in the region and the country at large.

The construction industry is one of the most vital constituents of any country’s economy, the industry remains on a steady path of growth and development all over the world. But despite all its benefits, it is equally known for producing large amounts of wastes. In developing countries, as is the case in Uganda, it is an enormous task for professionals involved in the built environment to identify and address the waste problem in the construction process. Kampala which is the capital city of Uganda is budding with numerous on-going construction projects that have the potential to generate large volumes of waste which if not managed well has negative impacts on the construction process, health and environmental sustainability. Waste is an unwanted or unusable material, discarded after primary use. Waste management are all activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal, involving assortment, transportation, processing, and disposal of the waste material. The tools for this study were review of existing literature, structured questionnaires and interview guides used to obtain relevant information from the professionals involved in the construction industry within selected construction sites in Kampala. Therefore, this research study was undertaken to find out and assess the approaches in use on different construction sites in Kampala and provide updated information on their performance as well as recommend necessary changes to improve the management of construction waste in Kampala.

This research aimed at aimed at analysing how taxis operate, taxi stages centers, hours of operation in a day, circulation of these taxis around Kibuli ward,the types of passenger customers that use taxis and general view of people about taxi operation in Kibuli ward. The researcher came up with the following research objectives; • To identify the movement and circulation of taxis on Prince Badru Kakungulu Road and Lubuga Road throughout Kibuli ward. • To identify the management of taxis using Prince Badru Kakungulu Road and Lubuga Road in Kibuli ward. To identify the challenges facing the taxi business in Kibuli ward. • To design strategies to improve management of taxis that use Prince Badru Kakungulu Road and Lubuga Road in Kibuli ward. The researcher used data collection methods like observation, literature review, interviews, questionnaire, aircraft method and after processed and analysed the data collected and presented it inform of pie charts, graphs. The key findings of the researcher included, the taxis have varying schedules for time during the day, there was absence of a defined managing taxi association in Kibuli ward, taxis are privately owned, absence of information about the code of conduct by taxi operators, the challenges faced by taxi operators which include high taxes, disrespectful passengers, accidents and the challenges faced by taxi passengers which included poor hygiene, theft, over stopping and vulgarity of operators. The strategies that were proposed include to improve management in Kibuli ward include loan associations, stage signs, better roads, road signs, planned parking space, better security. The key recommendations provided include provision of strict laws to ensure road users practice proper road behaviour, planning schemes for public transport, provision of road signs, establishment of a strong management association, designation of proper taxi stages, report of vehicles in poor condition, ensure proper hygiene when using taxis by the users. Conclusively, the current situation of taxis business in Kibuli ward is very poor, therefore the above recommendations should put into consideration to ensure efficient operation and movement of taxis in this area.