The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of real effective exchange rate volatility on exports in Uganda. The data used in the analysis was annual secondary time series obtained from the World Bank website (World Bank development indicators) The dependent variable of the study was Exports whereas Real Effective Exchange Rate, Inflation, Real Effective Exchange Rate Volatility and GDP were the independent variables. Analytically, the study generated an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model and the Bounds test for cointegration after testing for unit root using the two tests; Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips Perron (PP) unit root tests. The results from the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model did not suffer from the problems of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation based on the post-estimation tests carried out which included Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test and Durbin Watson Test for serial correlation and the Cumulative Sum Squared (CUSUMQ) Stability test for the model. The findings of the study indicate that Real Effective Exchange Rate volatility was found to have a significant negative effect on exports in Uganda in the short run. The implication of these findings is that government of Uganda should invest in hedging facilities and institutions so as to protect the risk averse export traders from the market uncertainties. Furthermore, the government should create incentives such as export subsidies in order to promote exports.

Teamwork is defined as a cooperative process that allows ordinary people to achieve extraordinary results according to Scarnati (2001). This study, therefore, aims at providing evidence on the role of work teams in public organizations of Uganda basing on the case study analysis of the National Identification and Registration Authority. Using individual-level data obtained from National Identification and Registration Authority in 2019,the study employed a logit model to determine whether employee teams influence individual performance. The study findings reveal thatworking in teams increases the likelihood of improved performance at work by 20 percent as opposed to not working in teams. Also, having a degree as the highest education level increases the likelihood of improved employee performance by 57 percent as compared to having a diploma as the highest level of education. Further, as an individual gets older over time, his or her likelihood of improved performance at work increases by 60 percent which shows a positive and statistically significant relationship between the age of an employee and employee performance at work. Teamwork, therefore, has the potential of improving the performance of individual employees and that of the organization, though, it needs to be nurtured over time (Ingram, 2000). This indicates that teamwork is a very strong pillar, whether on its own or with others it is so crucial in promoting employee performance. The study concluded that employees are more efficient, and learn more from each other as a result of teamwork. The study, therefore, recommends thatthe Institution should set team targets so that performance levels are not assessed at an individual level but rather as a team. Key Words: Team Work, Employee performance

Electronic Procurement is an important business avenue for lowering purchasing price and enhancing process efficiency. E-procurement as enabled by ICT development is believed to make procurement more efficient and competitive in the changing manufacturing sector by adding value to processes and thus reduce costs. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of electronic procurement on the supply chain performance of the sugar factories in Kenya. This study was guided by two theories namely: Technology, Organization and Environment Theory and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research used a descriptive research design. The study was carried out in both public and private sugar factories in Kenya. The Target population for this survey included all the 12 sugar companies in Kenya, both Public and privately owned. Census sampling was used to select the sample because the factories are few. Purposive sampling was used to select 12 procurement managers from the 12 factories. The main data collection instrument was structured questionnaires that were sent through email. The data collected was analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics involved frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics used multiple regressions. The study concluded that electronic procurement had influence on supply chain performance of the sugar factories in Kenya (R=.902; p value < 0.05). Based on the findings the study recommended the following: That management of the sugar factories in Kenya should embrace electronic procurement components (e-sourcing, e-ordering, e-material management and e-informing) in order to improve supply chain performance. The sugar factories in Kenya should adopt e-procurement in order to enhance profitability, transparency, improve quality of supply chain, cost reduction and increased information sharing.

In Uganda‘s development aspiration ―VISION 2040‖, Uganda aspires to transform its society from a peasant to a modern and prosperous middle-income country by 2040, with per capita income of USD 9, 567. It is a commitment that to achieve the vision, savings as a percentage of GDP should be over 35 percent. Notwithstanding such a high commitment, GDS as a percentage of GDP has remained below the desired target, standing at 16.5 percent in 2017. The objective of this study was to empirically establish the determinants of gross domestic savings (GDS) in Uganda. The study was guided by the lifecycle/permanent income hypothesis theoretical framework. The study used time series annual data from World Development Indicators for the period 1980 to 2017; and used Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips Perron tests to check time series properties of the variables. The unit root tests revealed that variables were both integrated of order zero and one. Accordingly, to test for both the long-run relationship and short run dynamics of the model, ARDL bounds test was adopted. The empirical results suggested that in the long run, Gross Domestic Product growth rate (GDPg), Broad money (M2) and Foreign Domestic Investments (FDI) have a positive impact on savings, while Current Account Balance (CAB) and Gross National Expenditure (GNE) have a negative effect on savings. The study also revealed that deposit interest rate was not a statistically significant determinant of GDS in the long run. The short run results on the other hand showed that all except CAB and GDPg have a positive and statistically significant impact on GDS. The key policy messages of this study are twofold that is: First, there is need for export promotion and import substitution strategies to improve on current account balance and hence savings through their impact on GDP. Second, there is need to ensure a stable economic environment to attract more Foreign Direct Investments.

This study explores Multidimensional Poverty and its determinants from a longitudinal perspective. It studies the dynamics of multidimensional poverty among households in Uganda showing their entry and exit possibilities across various indicators. Poverty is complex and dynamic and it involves social, economic, cultural, political and other forms of deprivation. Using two waves of the Uganda National Panel Survey (2013/14 and 2015/16), I computed the Multidimensional Poverty Index using the Alkire Forster (2011) ―Counting ad dual-cut-off‖ methodology. The Alkire Foster (AF) method of multidimensional measurement is a flexible technique that incorporates several ‗dimensions‘ of poverty or wellbeing, according to the context, to create measures that complement income poverty indices. The method identifies a person as multidimensionally poor (or ‗MPI poor‘) if s/he is deprived in at least a third of the weighted MPI indicators. The MPI combines two key pieces of information to measure acute poverty: the incidence of poverty, or the proportion of people (within a given population) who experience multiple deprivations, and the intensity of their deprivation - the average proportion of (weighted) deprivations they experience. The MPI is the product of incidence and intensity: I further looked at how households that exist within both waves of the Uganda National Panel Survey change the status of their deprivations.by identifying those that moved out of deprivation as well as those that moved into deprivation. The estimated percentage of the poor was 61.1% in 2013/14 increasing to 62.4% by 2015/16. The estimated percentage of person that are MPI poor also reduced from 29% in 2013/14 to 28% in 2015/16. However, the findings show that the average share of indicators in which poor people are deprived increases with increase in the poverty cut-off (K), this is because even though the number of poor households is decreasing the intensity of the poverty is increasing. The study further showed that the indicators which contribute most to the Multidimensional Poverty Index are years of schooling (17.1%), followed by sanitation (16.5%) and access to electricity (8.9%) and that the rural areas suffered greater levels of deprivations compared to the Urban areas. Therefore, there is need to design strategies that would help rural and the deprived urban people (areas) overcome poverty by setting up projects which would enable them overcome poverty.

This study empirically evaluates the impact of foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Private Sector Credit (PSC) on Domestic Private Investment (DPI) in Uganda over the 1987-2018 periods. Specifically, the study aims at establishing whether FDI substitutes (crowds out), complements (crowds in) or has no effect on DPI in Uganda and also investigate the role of PSC in explaining DPI growth in Uganda. Employing Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis based on co-integration models, the study findings reveal that FDI substitutes (crowds-out) DPI investment in Uganda as evidenced by the negative and statistically significant coefficients for FDI. Also, PSC emerges as statistically significant to accelerate Uganda’s level of DPI which supports the economic theory arguing that credit availability forms one of the sources of investment capital and bridges the savings-investment gap a constrain in many developing countries (LDCs). In addition, while Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Public Investment (PUBI), External Debt (ED) and Trade Openness (TRADE) positively affected DPI fluctuation in Uganda, interest rate negatively affected DPI in the country. The study recommends investing more in infrastructure and financial development as well as having good policies that encourage access to international markets. Another important recommendation is that of providing incentives (such as free land and tax holidays) to domestic firms to allow them to have fair competition with their counterparts (foreign firms).

The study aimed at creating an online catalogue for Makerere College School Library that can help to serve its users at all times. The objectives that guided the project study were to find out the challenges faced by Makerere College School when using a manual library system, To identify the different types of library collection in MACOS, To catalogue 100 information materials that requires cataloguing, To identify and customize the software for creating the online catalogue and To create the Makerere College School Library Catalogue. The study was conducted at Makerere College School on Makerere Hill road, Kampala and the study was limited to finding out the challenges faced by MACOS library when using a manual system, identifying the different types of library collection in MACOS, identifying and customizing the software for creating the online catalogue, creating the Makerere College school library catalogue. The study used case study research design while adopting qualitative research approach and the researcher was working with a population of over 978 respondents. The sample size composed of 77 respondents, 2 librarians, 48 students, 12 class teachers and 12 non class teachers. Data collection methods include; informative interview and focus group discussion. Data was analyzed and presented using the different data presentation methods that enabled the researcher to eliminate any erroneous data, ethical considerations which include informed consent, confidentiality and openness. The findings revealed that Makerere College School Library does not have an online catalogue, the library uses manual system for managing books and are stored on the shelves of which this is faced with challenges like time consuming, theft, and outdated information materials. The study shows that the few respondents didn’t visit the school library on a regular basis due to limited books and the students were recommended to buy their own books as they join the school and they spend most of their time reading their own books and notes, out dated books, inadequate space and lack of awareness. Therefore, from the findings, I can conclude that the influence of the online catalogue in the library is more important for the growth of the library and information services to academic schools. The study recommended that the management of Makerere College School Library should adopt the proposed system because of its many benefits.

Employee commitment is an essential factor in the growth of an enterprise and how workers perceive the benefits accorded them by the company strongly affects their level of organizational commitment. Employee benefits include financial and non-financial income that is separate from the regular salary that is received for work done. The research focuses on the developing effect the employee perception of the benefits given in their work place on general organizational commitment at Coast Province General Hospital in Kenya (CPGH). Using primary data in form of Likert scale questionnaires, the study investigated employees ranging from medical specialists and nurses to those in administrative positions within CPGH. The total population targeted was 791 employees, and stratified random sampling method was used to cluster the population based on their nature of work at the hospital. Employee benefits that were considered included pension schemes, health insurance, life insurance, workers’ compensation, sabbatical leave, transportation benefit and flexible work plans. The study found that the extent of employee perception of benefits at CPGH affected organizational commitment. Recommendations included provision of employee benefits that suit the needs of workers in a company promotes organizational commitment and productivity in the long run.

Commercial banks play significant role of contributing to the country’s economic growth by mobilizing investments funds. Due to lack of agreement about optimal determinant of capital structure, the study will seek to establish firm specific determinants of capital structure on commercial banks in Kenya. The study selected 42 commercial banks as the population. The independent variables; the determinants of capital structure were growth rate, profitability, liquidity, age and size. Secondary data from 2015 to 2019 was obtained annually. A descriptive cross-sectional design together with multiple regression model was utilized in the analysis. The independent variables did not indicate any collinearity. There was a moderate correlation among the variables with growth rate and size being positively correlated with capital structure while profitability, liquidity and age were negatively correlating with capital structure. The study recommends that more research to be undertaken increasing the study period and the variables under study.

Liberalisation of financial markets is associated with a reduction in interest rate spreads. However, interest rate spreads have persistently remained high in Uganda despite the financial liberalisation that was undertaken by the government in the early 1990s. High interest rate spreads point to the low level of efficiency and lack of competitiveness in the financial sector. The study assesses determinants of interest rate spreads in Uganda’s commercial banking sector. The analysis is based on the Ho and Saunders (1981) model and its subsequent extensions by Maudos and Fernandez de Guevara (2004). Panel data estimation techniques, specifically system generalised method of moments (GMM), are applied. We find that among the bank specific factors, interest rate spreads increase with increase in credit risk, liquidity risk, and capital adequacy ratio. Bank size is shown to be negatively related to interest rate spreads. For banking industry specific factor, foreign bank participation in the loans markets is associated with higher interest rate spreads. And for macroeconomic factors, high inflation rates are shown to be associated with high bank spreads, whilst high real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates and broad money supply to GDP (M2/GDP) are associated with lower interest rate spreads. Going forward, banks and government should devise mechanisms to encourage loan repayment, and banks should be encouraged to reduce on holding excess liquid assets. At a macro-level, Bank of Uganda should maintain its stance on curbing inflation. Economic growth and financial development should as well be encouraged. Key Words: Interest rate spreads; bank specific factors; industry specific factors; macroeconomic factors; dynamic panel; Uganda’s commercial banking sector. JEL Classifications: C23; E43; E44; G21; L11