The study objective of this study was to determine the effect of interest rate capping on the relationship between strategy implementation and performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The theoretical foundation for this study was cognitive theory, evolution theory and Resource based view theory. This investigation utilized a descriptive design and cross sectional survey. The target population for the study constituted of the remaining forty (40) commercial banks and one (1) licensed mortgage financial institution with branches in Mombasa County, Kenya. Due to the size of the population for the study, a census survey approach was adopted for study sample size. Therefore, the sample for the study was all the management level employees in all the commercial banks in Mombasa. Data collection tool was structured questionnaire. To summarize the data, descriptive statistics were used. The study adopted Baron and Kenny (1986) threestep regression model to establish the effect of interest rate capping on the relationship between strategy implementation and performance of commercial banks. iThe study found that Strategy implementation is statistically significant to performanceiof commercialibanks iniMombasa County.iThe studyifurther revealed that Strategy implementation had significant positive relationshipiwith performanceiof commercialibanks iniMombasa County. Theistudy alsoifound thatiupon introductioniof interest rate capping, strategy implementation is mediated by interest rate capping significantly, influencing performance oficommercial banksiin MombasaiCounty negatively. Theistudy concludes that increasing the mediating effect of interest rate capping on strategy implementation will lead to decrease in performance oficommercial banksiin MombasaiCounty.iThe study recommendsimanagement of the commercialibanksito conduct in-depth research on the strategies that can be implemented in their organizations to increase its performance. The study also recommends banks to establish organizational culture that will boost its performance; commercialibanks iniKenya shouldiadopt aniadjustable andidynamic organizationaliculture soias toiensure successfulistrategy implementation.iTheibanks can also embrace Reward and Recognition system that will motivate employees therefore increasing their performance which will in turn increase the performance of the bank. The government to review the policies on interest rate capping to ensure they are favorable to both the bank and its customers; this will increase performance of the bank and therefore increase general performance of the country’s economy.

The aim of this study was to examine the organizational knowledge retention mechanisms in Kenyan academic institutions, namely the Vision Institute of Professionals. Specifically, the researcher will find out understanding of Knowledge Retention concept by management, identify any form of knowledge retention approach at VIP, identify technologies applied in Knowledge Retention and propose a knowledge retention framework for VIP. A review of relevant literature based on the study's goals was conducted. The descriptive research design was used in the research, and both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed. The study was conducted at the Vision Institute of professionals among the directors, head of departments, assistant head of departments, administration staff, and the academic staff. The study used a purposive sampling strategy to get a representative size of 30 participants from a population of 82 employees. For data gathering, the researcher used open-ended interviews and questionnaires. With ten participants, a pilot study for this topic was done at Nairobi Institute of Business Studies (NIBS). Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS and displayed in tables and charts using descriptive statistical analysis of frequencies and percentages. The qualitative data was evaluated using a content data assessment approach and provided verbatim based on the identified themes from the goals. The study's results revealed that the majority of respondents had a modest degree of awareness of information retention techniques. It was further established that technologies such as websites, external hard drives and emails were used in knowledge retention. The study recommends that the institutions of higher learning should put in place enough and adaptable knowledge retention strategies for their employees.

Most institutions have continued to face an increased pace of the rate of change over the past five decades as occasioned by advancing in technology, organization dynamism and changing legislation driving need for strategic change and realignment of organizations. This has equally affected Eldoret Water Resources Authority in Kenya, leading to initiation and implementation of a number of strategic changes. Despite this, the effect of change management on organization performance has not yet been clearly explained. This study therefore, established the effect of change management on the performance of Eldoret Water Resources Authority in Kenya. It was guided by the Kurt Lewin Change theory, John Kotter’s change theory and Stakeholders theory. The study adopted a case study research design, collected primary data through interview of departmental managers of the authority. The study employed content analysis, in which verbal responses were categorized, classify, summarize, and tabulate for analysis. The qualitative analyzed result showed the organization has experienced change management in technological process, organization structure; enactment of Water Act 2016, changes in top management, and automation of processes. Further result indicated stakeholder key roles in the change management process are in helping in the accomplishment of the organization objectives; key stakeholders of the organization are the community members, Water Resources Users Association, County Commissioners Office, County Government, NEMA and Kenya Forest Services. Result for drivers of choice of strategic planning are need to achieve the set goal of the organization; need to aligns its functions, increase operational efficiency and achieve a proactive organization rather than reactive among others. Additional result indicated strategic planning is proactive and has enabled achievement of set objectives; successful implementation of the strategic plan; achievement of competitive advantage within the organization; set up a sense of direction for the organization; and ensures successful implementation of the strategic plan. However, results on strategic change implementation challenges were resistance to change, operations alignment and expertise requirements and options to address them were teaching employees on the need to accept change; sharing positive results on introduction of change; involving employees in change planning; among others. The study concluded that change management process has positive effect on organization performance. The study recommends the management to enhance stakeholder engagement and strategic management of the authority.

There has been a lot of debate within the academic field as well as among legislators over time regarding the financing of terrorism all around the world. This was especially intensified after the 11 September 2001 terror attacks in the United States of America which was subsequently followed by a series of attacks by terrorists in different parts of the world. Both local and international legislators and organizations in most countries around the world are of the opinion that there is need to undertake in depth changes in both national and international policies, standards and principles on anti-terrorism especially with regards to the financing of terrorism, its aftermath and prospective measures of preventive intervention on the same. Some of the findings made in this study are inclusive of the fact that in as much as banks used to be the main players when it came to terrorist financing previously, there are other financial institutions that also play a significant role with regards to it being a platform for funding terrorism activities in today’s world. It further established the different roles played by different aspects such as customer due diligence and the principle of banking secrecy among others. This study therefore, seeks to look into the issue of the financing of terrorism and the different roles played by different actors within the financial sector alongside giving a proper description or evaluation of the outcomes of the joint attempts to curb the financing of terrorist operations that has been undertaken under the endorsement of the UN Security Council and its committees as well as individual member States.

Renewable energy investment has been under exploited in Africa in spite its ability to increase the estimated average regional Growth Domestic Product from the current 4% to more than 10%and Kenya in specific due to investor‘s negative perception of the regions high investment risk and low creditworthiness which retards the degree of private capital penetration. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of financial risk management instruments, communication strategy, and contract management on performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya. The objectives of the study were: to establish how Alternative Risk Transfer influence performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya; to examine how Contingent capital influence performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya; to assess how Credit enhancement influence performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya; to determine how Hedging derivatives influence performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya; to examine how Insurance influence performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya; to assess how the combined financial risk management instruments influence performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya; to assess the moderating influence of Communication strategy on the relationship between financial risk management instruments and performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya; to assess the mediating influence of Contract management on the relationship between combined financial risk management instruments and performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya. The study was grounded on Prospect theory, Goal-Setting theory, Diffusion of innovation theory, and Agency theory. The study was underpinned on pragmatism paradigm, mixed method approach, descriptive survey and correlational research design. Structured questionnaires and interview guide were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from a census of 94 participants. Validity test was done on the instruments and a coefficient of 0.775 obtained while reliability coefficient was 0.781. Analysis involved both descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of Correlation and Regression at a significance level of 0.05 with the aid of SPSS version 25 and thematic content analysis of qualitative data for triangulation. Eight hypotheses were tested at α=0.05 and the results were: 1. H0: There is no significant relationship between Alternative Risk Transfer and performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya was rejected since P=0.000<0.05; 2. H0: There is no significant relationship between Contingent capital and performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya was rejected since P=0.000<0.05; 3. H0: There is no significant relationship between Credit enhancement and performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya was rejected since P=0.000<0.05; 4. H0: There is no significant relationship between Hedging derivatives and performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya was rejected since P=0.000<0.05; 5. H0: There is no significant relationship between Insurance and performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya was rejected since P=0.000<0.05; 6. H0: There is no significant relationship between the combined financial risk management instruments and performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya was rejected since P=0.000<0.05; 7. H0: Communication strategy does not significantly moderate the relationship between financial risk management instruments and performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya was rejected since P=0.000<0.05;and 8. H0: Contract Management does not significantly mediate the relationship between financial risk management instruments and performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya was rejected since P=0.000<0.05. Therefore the study concluded that Alternative Risk Transfer, Contingent Capital, Credit Enhancement, Hedging Derivatives and Insurance have a significant influence on performance of hydroelectric energy projects. Equally, the moderating effect of Communication Strategy and mediating effect of Contract Management have a significant influence on the relationship between financial risk management instruments and performance of hydroelectric energy projects. It is recommended that Project management and policy makers should integrate appropriate financial risk management instruments to improve performance of hydroelectric energy projects besides developing targeted policies for strengthening implementation of the financial risk management instruments to boost investors and lenders confidence.

Economic growth coupled with urban population rise have necessitated the need for construction of buildings. The process of implementing construction project in the building sector is usually undertaken by individuals with diverse values, knowledge, and socialcategories. This study mainly looked at how diversities among members of a construction project influences the implementation process. This was studied by looking at how diversities among the workers involved in implementation of the project in terms of their knowledge differences, value differences, and differences in their social categories, influence the whole implementation process. It further looked at the influence of the three diversities combined on the implementation process of the construction projects via a moderation of interpersonal conflicts. Pragmatic paradigm and a descriptive research design were used in the study. 657 staff made up the population of target for the study, out of which 251 were sampled. Collection of data was by use of semi-structured questionnaires and conducting interviews. Data of quantitative nature was analysed for descriptive and inferential statistics, while that of qualitative nature was analysed thematically, then the results triangulated. The results from the quantitative data analysis were presented in tables as percentages, frequencies, means, and standard deviations. It was established that all the three diversities, that is, diversity in knowledge, social-categories, and values had positive changes of 10.4%, 5.8%, and 16.1% respectively on implementation process of building projects. When combined, the diversities accounted for 25.6% of the changes in the process of implementing construction projects of building nature. The moderation effect of interpersonal conflict was also found to be positive. The study recommends that while recruiting teams a mix of diverse attributes should be considered, since their differences complement each other. For further research, the study recommends that a longitudinal study be carried out to gain more insight the relationship between team diversity and implementation of building projects over a period

The world today is more vulnerable to environmental risks than it was two hundred years ago. Increasing evidence points to the fact that the planet has been moving from the safe operating space and it is now at a global crisis point. Manifesting this through floods, droughts and other climate extremes, we are now more than ever at a risk of crossing tipping points that shift the planet to a potentially catastrophic breakdown. While much research has been published about climate change science, not much has been published about the relationship between climate change and their implications to society and especially in developing countries. This study analyzed the impact of climate change on economic security in the great lakes region with a view to increase the understanding of this interaction. This research draws from a collection of societal aspects that were formerly ignored such as the environment, the economy, the military and the political environment. The main argument this study made is that the planetary boundaries that allowed and supported humanity and the biomes are all deeply connected. However, some are core boundaries that heavily impact on other aspects of planetary success and sustainability such that when one boundary is crossed, it generates tipping points that heavily amplify other societal risks that have serious existential implications. Climate and biodiversity are core boundaries and using global warming and erratic rainfall as key variables that I used to measure the correlation between climate boundaries and the economic aspect of security, this research has found that human activities and natural processes have heavily burdened these planetary boundaries to a great extent with irrefutably negative consequences.

The study sought to investigate the factors that have influenced public service delivery in the management of museums in Kenya in spite of the devolution. Specific objectives were to; establish how the transfer of administrative responsibilities has influenced the effectiveness of public service delivery by the museums in Kenya; assess how the influence of political goodwill has influenced the accessibility of services offered by the museums in Kenya; examine the transfer of fiscal responsibilities has influenced the cost of service delivery offered by museums in Kenya and analyze the challenges affecting the devolution process in the delivery of services by the museums in Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and utilized mixed-methods. The target population comprised County Staff (both middle level and Senior), MCAs (Members of the County Assembly, National Museums of Kenya staff (both middle level and senior) and experts in heritage management. A sample size of 113 respondents was considered. Data was collected using structured interviews as well as a rating Likert Scale questionnaire. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics where results from quantitative data were reported using percentages and presented in tables and charts. The study established that the transfer of administrative, political and fiscal responsibilities in the management of museums in Kenya has a direct influence on the provision of service delivery. The study provides evidence that availing capacity, requisite skills, adequate resource allocation, placing emphasis on research, human resource training and community outreach programmes with focus on educational programmes enhances the capacity of local museum personnel through delegation of vital institutional roles which positively impacts on the effectiveness, accessibility and the cost of service delivery offered by museums in Kenya. Challenges of devolution range from corruption at the county level, leadership wrangles and overlap of roles between the Executive and the County Assembly and between the National and County Government respectively. The study concluded that while devolution is still in its early stages of implementation at the Counties, there is need to strengthen the relationship between the National and County Governments; develop good heritage management policies and Acts through clear legal and policy frameworks and introduce stringent measures to curb the rampant cases of corruption and embezzlement of public resources. Further areas of research focused on the need to analyze the existing structural and technical capacity of County Governments and their effect on the service delivery; explore the extent to which the unbundling of the assets has affected service delivery and investigate the role of Inter- Governmental Relations Technical Committee (IGRTC) in resolving conflicts arising between the National and County Governments and its effect on provision of services.

The double admissions of students in 1987/88 and 1990/91 academic years to public universities, elevation of middle level colleges to university status, introduction of module (II) programmes, growth of private universities, regulation of universities, reduction in government funding, among other happenings created serious challenges for all universities in Kenya. These rapid changes embedded in the concept of agility, motivated the study whose broad objective was to establish the relationship between organizational agility, product development processes, operational processes and performance of chartered universities in Kenya. Product development processes was hypothesised as a mediator and operational processes as a moderator to the relationship. The study was anchored on general systems theory, socio-technical systems theory, theory of constrains and collegial theory. The research paradigm was positivism while research designs included descriptive, cross sectional and census survey. Four objectives and corresponding hypotheses were formulated and subjected to descriptive, factor and regression analysis to describe the variables and predict the relationship between the independent and dependent variable. The unit of analysis was 48 chartered universities whereas the unit of observation was all Faculties/ Schools. Each sector was analysed separately because preliminary results were different. Regarding objective one, there was a significant positive relationship between organizational agility and performance of public universities but the same was negative and insignificant for private universities possibly because government drivers of agility affected public universities more but market drivers affected both. Private universities also had superior capabilities and reacted better to the drivers. On objective two, there was partial mediation on the relationship for public universities as hypothesised. Same test was not performed for private universities because the initial model was not significant. Objective four that focused on the joint effect of independent variables on performance was confirmed and operational processes were found to have the greatest contribution to performance of each sector. The findings were consistent with previous studies and supported the theoretical view that organizations are continuously exposed to changes in the business environment and their survival is dependent upon the ability to adapt through flexibility and adaptations that trigger creations and innovations. The study, therefore, extended the knowledge borders in operations management through the finding that organizational agility influences performance directly and through partial mediation of product development processes and moderation of operational processes. The findings provided various contributions to theory, policy and practice and were consistent with the theories except collegial theory which may be partially applicable when rapid change occurs. There is need to rethink collegium orientation of universities but maintaining their missions. Policy makers can utilize the findings to formulate policies aimed at better performance with respect to agility, product development and operational processes. Policies and practices supported by the findings will create awareness of how universities can take advantage of opportunities created by agility. Future studies may need to focus on effect of individual dimensions of organizational agility and measures of performance on public and private universities separately. A modified replication of the study across industries is recommended on a continuous basis. There was evidence to suggest that organizational agility interacts with product development processes and operational process to influence performance through other paths apart from what was studied.

The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship among capital structure, firm size, liquidity and financial performance of non-financial firms listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study first explored the relationship between capital structure and financial performance. The study then explored the moderating and intervening variables on this relationship. The joint effect of all these variables was also tested. The intervening variable liquidity had two indicators; asset liquidity and temporary investments. The moderating variable firm size had two indicators; total asset and total sales. Liquidity had two indicators asset liquidity and temporary investments. Asset liquidity was measured by current assets to current liabilities. Temporary investment was measured by the ratio of temporary investments to total assets. Capital structure had financial leverage as the indicator. Financial leverage is operationalized by debt-to-equity ratio. Financial performance was measured by Tobin’s Q. The study was anchored on the capital irrelevancy theory, the pecking order theory, the tradeoff theory, the agency cost theory and the information signaling theory. The study used secondary panel data which was obtained from 53 nonfinancial firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. This study is anchored on a positivism research philosophy because it is based on existing theory and it formulates quantitative hypotheses to be tested. Correlational descriptive research design is used to describe the relationships as they exist between specific variables. Secondary data was for the period 2010 to 2017. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple and simple regression analyses. The findings indicate a positive statistically significant effect of capital structure on financial performance. Liquidity has a statistically significant positive intervening effect on the relationship between capital structure and financial performance. Furthermore, firm size has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between capital structure and financial performance. These findings are inconsistent with the capital irrelevance theory. Conversely, these findings seem to support the tradeoff theory and the pecking order theory. The study concludes that firms should strive to increase their leverage since it has a statistically significant positive effect on the financial performance of the nonfinancial firms listed on the NSE. Similarly, firms should increase their liquidity by enhancing financial leverage which; according to the findings in this study if increased leads to increased financial performance. Firm managers should seek to grow their firm sizes. This is because larger firms have consistently increased the use of debt in their capital structure. Lenders often perceive larger firms as less risky consumers of credit because of their superior collateral structure. The study, therefore, recommends that firm managers, shareholders, practitioners, the government and other regulators should ensure that they advise and embrace the best firm financing option that helps improve firm financial performance thereby enhancing shareholders value. Further research needs to be conducted that involves the use of accounting-based measures of financial performance to bring a comparison on the study results obtained.