The promulgation of the Kenyan Constitution in the year 2010 heralded a new dawn for the recognition “of the right to health as a socio-economic right and thus justiciable. The Constitutional underpinning of this right is Article 43 (1) (b) of the Constitution of Kenya that provides that every person has a right to the highest attainable standard of health, which includes the right to health care services, including reproductive health care.” The Constitution of Kenya envisages that full realization of highest standards of health by Kenyans is progressive. It is dependent on availability of resources, among others. This study explores the crucial role of state in promoting realization of the right to health in Kenya, lapses in the existing legal framework that poses threat to Kenyan’s bid to access medicine hence undermine the right to health realization. The study makes an in-depth discussion of the role of traditional medicine and knowledge on it in promoting right to health and makes a case for an integration of traditional medicine into the conventional health care system to improve access owing to its affordability, accessibility to majority of Kenyans and contribution to the knowledge of the present scientists. Its integration can also ensure it meets the acceptable quality for safe use. As Kenya executes plan of action of the World Health Organization (WHO) on, interalia, public health, there are myriad of challenges that stifles the attainment of the right to health and which if addressed can enable millions of Kenyans to access medicine and thus realize right to health. The discussion in various chapters informs recommendations for reforms.

Access to land justice is the ability of marginalised communities confront, manage daily legal problems and seek redress and demands for their rights in land which is a key element of sustainable development. However, access to justice in land is a growing problem in Kenya for marginalised groups mainly due to institutional and structural challenges. The creation of the Environment and Land Court (ELC) by Kenya‟s 2010 Constitution (CoK) and the Environment and Land Court Act (ELCA) was considered as transforming access to land justice. The ELC was envisaged to use its expertise as an effective and efficient tool to enable expeditious and cost-effective access to land justice. However, this has not happened due to various barriers of poverty, complex laws and technicalities of procedure, lack of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) legal framework, backlog of cases, corruption in the Courts, lack of knowledge of rights, physical access and bias towards women, the youth and persons with disabilities (PWDs) and the lack of political will and commitment. The study used two research methods to collect and analyse data. First, was desktop review of secondary and primary data to analyse the variables. Secondly, a comparative study was done of some best practices namely: Queensland, New South Wales (NSW) and South Africa which revealed that Kenya had a number of lessons to learn on how the marginalised groups can access land justice. In particular, financial autonomy and independence, enactment of ADR laws and mandatory mediation, comprehensive jurisdiction including criminal and human rights, public participation and the creation of monitoring and measuring tools for access to land justice. In conclusion challenges in access to land justice in Kenya would only be achieved if the institutional and structural challenges in the entire justice delivery system would be addressed. Some recommendations offered revolved around the enactment of an ADR legal framework, enhancement of legal aid, expand jurisdiction of the ELC to deal with environmental crimes and human right issues, financial autonomy and independence of the judiciary, employment more judges and developing a monitoring tool for access to land justice.

The ratio of public debt to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Kenya has been on the rise. Between 2010 and 2018, mean public debt in Kenya rose by half, from 40 to 59 percent of GDP, making Kenya to be among the fastest-growing debt-accumulation countries in the world. At the same time, the country has also recorded significant growth in development spending and economic growth. The country offers a good context to investigate the effect of debt on economic growth. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of public debt on Kenya’s economic growth. The study was based on Pecking order theory, tradeoff theory and finance growth theory. The independent variable was public debt measured as log total debt per quarter while the control variables were interest rates, the unemployment rate, and inflation rate. The dependent variable that the research attempted to explain was the growth of the Kenyan economy. The data was collected on a quarterly basis over a period of ten years (from January 2011 to December 2020). A descriptive research approach was employed in the research, with a multivariate regression model used to examine the connection between the study variables. The study's findings yielded an R-square value of 0.613, indicating that the chosen independent variables could explain 61.3 percent of the variance in Kenya’s economic growth, while the other 38.7 percent was due to other factors not investigated in this study. The F statistic was significant at a 5% level with a p=0.000. This suggests that the model was adequate for explaining economic growth in Kenya. Further, the conclusions demonstrated that public debt had a negative and significant influence on Kenya’s economic growth. Unemployment rate also had a significant negative influence. Interest rates and inflation did not exhibit a statistically significant impact on economic growth. The research suggests the need for policy makers to review the set limit of public debt as high debt levels negatively affects the economy. The study also recommends that there is need to come up with effective measures of creating employment as high unemployment rate has an adverse effect on economic growth. The study recommends the need for future researchers to conduct a study for a longer period of time such as the last 30 years to capture the effects of economic cycles

Corporate governance and tax aggressiveness among Kenya’s listed entities was explored in this study. Both descriptive and correlational research design were appropriate for this study where 64 listed firms were targeted. Census was used thus all the firms were covered in the study. Information was obtained from secondary sources covering the period 2016 all through 2020. The analysis was supported by descriptive and inferential statistics. It was observed that board size (β=.279, p<0.05) had the largest and significant effect on tax aggressiveness followed by board meetings (β=.221, p<0.0), CEO duality (β=.166, p<0.05) and lastly board composition (β=.157, p<0.05). With regard to the control variables, profitability (β=.966, p<0.05) had the greatest significant effect followed by size (β=.449, p<0.05) and lastly leverage (r=.160, p<0.05). The study concludes the corporate governance significantly predicts tax aggressiveness as controlled by profitability, firm size and leverage. It was recommended that board of directors of the listed firms should effectively discharge their oversight role on behalf of the shareholders to avoid conflict of interests while maximizing tax aggressiveness. Shareholders of the listed firms should ensure that the existing boards are of optimal size. Regular board meetings should be organized by company secretaries of the listed firm to deliberate on strategic issues that may have an implication on these firms. The shareholders of the listed firms should ensure that the board is properly constituted with members having relevant experience and knowledge. The policy makers at the Capital Market Authority should stipulate and enforce strict regulations governing the corporate governance of all the listed firms.

Forests serve Kenya economically, environmentally, socially and culturally. Sustainable management of the same is therefore paramount. Forest resources are on high demand, especially timber which is used by various industries in Kenya. While timber is an important commodity that fulfils the various needs of the society, its current demand however puts a lot of pressure on our forests leading to elevated levels of deforestation and forest degradation. The Constitution, provides that Kenya should target achieving at least 10% tree cover. Timber harvesting therefore needs to be well controlled to achieve this target. Sustainable timber harvesting requires that while trees are cut down for various purposes, their regeneration is also encouraged to address the requirements of all generations. The adequacy or inadequacy of the regulatory framework in ensuring sustainable timber harvesting was the main focus of this study. This study used desk-based research as the main research method, where there was a critique of the existing institutional, policy and legal framework, analysis of the relevant literature review, and key strategies that could impact sustainable timber harvesting while also looking at examples of countries that have utilized the said strategies. This study also looked at the various challenges facing sustainable timber harvesting in Kenya especially from a practical perspective and the impact that these challenges have had on forests and the environment as a whole. It was noted in this study that while there is an existing institutional, policy and legal framework that governs sustainable timber harvesting, there are still gaps in the same as forests are still being degraded at a high rate especially due to illegal activities related to timber harvesting. The regulatory framework as it is today is still inadequate in ensuring sustainable timber harvesting. To protect our remaining forests and for Kenya to achieve its least tree cover target of 10%, a review of the existing framework is urgently needed. This study therefore proposed some recommendations that could enhance the legal, policy and institutional framework to ensure effective regulation of timber harvesting in Kenya, that balances the needs of the society while still ensuring our forests and the environment as a whole is protected and preserved for all generations

Historically within the Kenyan context, the legislature was viewed as a ‘rubber-stamp’ to the executive agenda and was therefore believed to be incapable of exercising its oversight role. The drafters of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 therefore identified and incorporated the need for an accountable government, a prudent public financial management system and the important role parliamentary oversight in ensuring the same as crucial in achieving constitutional reform agendas. While it is generally believed that the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 would hail the shift towards a well-endowed National Assembly with the capability of exercising fiscal oversight, the same has remained an elusive dream. Therefore, this paper will demonstrate that the National Assembly of the 11th Parliament (2013-2017) through the Public Accounts Committee has been largely unsuccessful in the exercise of oversight over national revenue expenditure on account of structural and operational challenges of the Public Accounts Committee and shortcomings in the enabling statutory framework. In making this argument, the paper will employ a multi-pronged methodology which will include doctrinal research methodology by mapping out the constitutional and legal framework of parliamentary oversight and analysing the committee’s reports, case study approach by interrogating the operations of the National Assembly’s Public Accounts Committee of the 11th Parliament and lastly a comparative approach in identifying some best practices in other jurisdictions to inform the recommendations towards strengthening the committee. This study has the potential of informing legal or policy reforms through identifying the challenges of fiscal oversight by the Public Accounts Committee under the new constitutional dispensation and proposing solutions for the same with a view to realize the constitutional spirit on accountability and transparency.

A number of companies listed at the securities exchange market of Kenya have taken to mergers and other forms of restructuring to improve their chance of expanding their capability to offer their services, cutting back on costs and mergers of directorship hired to improve technological progression and improve operational efficiencies required to improve long term financial performance. The various ownership structures of different organizations undergoing corporate restructuring provide a valuable context for investigating whether the expected link between ownership structure and corporate restructuring decision holds true. An investigation of corporate restructuring in Kenya's Nairobi Securities Exchange was the primary goal of this research. New Delhi Stock Exchange (NSE)-listed businesses were studied for their corporate restructuring impact on ownership, concentration and state control. It was decided to base the model's results on characteristics including management effectiveness, liquidity, and profitability. Research was conducted in a descriptive manner. In this study, Kenya's NSE was the intended population. There are 63 companies listed at the NSE but only 55 provided complete data set. Research variables data were derived from audited company's annual financial statements from 2016 to 2020 for all 55 companies making 275 observations. Regression and correlation analysis were used to test the study hypotheses by establishing the relationship between ownership structure and corporate restructuring. The study found that ownership concentration (β=0.111, p=0.000) and state ownership (β=0.118, p=0.000) had a positive and significant relationship with corporate restructuring among NSE listed firms. Management efficiency and profitability (β=0.103, p=0.027) had a significant negative effect on corporate restructuring (β=-0.033, p=0.008) while managerial ownership (β=0.001, p=0.538) and liquidity (β=0.001, p=0.834) were not statistically significant. The results also indicated R2 of 0.234 which implied that the selected independent variables contributed 23.4% to variations in corporate restructuring. The study recommends that policy makers should pay keen attention to ownership concentration, state ownership, management efficiency and profitability as this four has a significant influence on corporate restructuring. The study suggests the need for further studies to focus on other determinants of corporate restructuring.

Beekeeping technology has progressed throughout time. Despite technological developments, satisfying the basic needs of rural people to improve their living conditions through the adoption of modern beekeeping practices has proven to be difficult. This is due to a lack of farmer training and low acceptance rates of new technology. The goal of the study was to look into the factors that influence honey processing project productivity and performance. The study's goal was to figure out how technological adoption, credit availability, market demand, and farmer training affect honey processing production and performance in Kitui County. The study's target population was 125 people, with 110 beekeepers and 15 county agricultural officers from Kitui County, and a sample size of 69 people was chosen. Secondary data was gathered using questionnaires and interview guides, while primary data was gathered using the Kitui government's Ministry of Agriculture records and existing beekeeping literature. The validity of the research technique was determined after engaging with and following the advise of University of Nairobi research supervisors. After the pilot study, the research instruments' reliability was determined using the test-retest method. Descriptive statistics such as frequency tables, percentiles, and ranges were used to evaluate the data. The extent to which the influencing elements account for the success of honey processing projects in Kitui government was determined using inferential data analysis approaches such as regression models. The study discovered that production determinants had a favorable and significant impact on honey processing project performance in Kitui. Market demand had the greatest impact on honey processing project performance, followed by technology adoption, while loan access and farmer training had the greatest positive impact on honey processing project performance in Kitui County. The study found that all four variables, including technological adoption, financial access, market demand, and farmer training, have a favorable impact on honey processing project success in Kitui County. According to the report, beekeepers in Kitui County should concentrate on implementing contemporary technologies and ensuring that farmers are effectively taught to execute beekeeping tasks. The study indicated that beekeeper’s knowledge influenced adoption of technology which was represented by a composite mean of 2.1785 and SD=1.14267 and thus affect performance of honey processing projects in the county. Credit access affects honey processing projects which was represented by a composite means of 1.9524 and SD=1.117. The study indicated that market demand influence performance of honey processing projects which was represented by a composite mean score of 2.08094 and SD=1. 2395 while study indicated that farmers training affected performance of honey processing projects which was indicated by a composite mean of 2.2348 and SD=1.1177. The research recommends that the county government should give institutional support for beekeeping awareness programs and infrastructural improvements. The county government can also help with training programs by providing free beekeeping training or cooperating with other instructors. County governments, in partnership with donors and financial institutions, should finance farmers, and beekeeper loans should be guaranteed, especially in the early stages. The county government should eliminate the middlemen that exploit farmers, and farmers should have direct access to the market. Kitui County Government should develop methods to strengthen the organization's beekeeping activity. The county government could put together training programs for farmers to help them enhance their beekeeping operations