URI http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/162441 Publisher University of Nairobi Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States Usage Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ Collections Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, Law, Business Mgt (FoA&SS / FoL / FBM) [24361]

This study aimed at establishing Employee Organizational Identification (EOI) - Employee Performance relationship in the motor vehicle industry in Kenya. In addition Affective Commitment, Organizational Support and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) were applied in the study as mediating and moderating variables respectively to further test the explanatory strength of EOI - employee performance relationship. The study further tested the joint influence of all the variables thus EOI, affective commitment, organizational support and OCB on employee performance. The motivation of this study arose from the coincidental resemblance in findings on Gallup's (2015) survey and that by CFAO (2019) that, 70% of employees did not identify with their organizations. That similarity of findings was intriguing and informed the researcher’s decision to carry out the study. This study was anchored on social identification theory (SIT) because it has been shown to effectively explain the social identification perspective. In addition, two factor theory and social exchange theory (SET) were also adopted as supporting theories. The study had five objectives and five corresponding hypotheses. The study tested the objectives through the formulated corresponding hypotheses. On research methodology, the study adopted positivism philosophical approach because of its focus on quantitative evidence through test of hypothesis to prove theories and objectively predict outcomes. The study was based on descriptive cross sectional survey design. Data for analysis was obtained through structured questionnaires. Study sample was 332 respondents who were drawn from the 10 companies in the industry through simple random sampling method. The statements were measured on 5 point Likert scale format. Data analysis was done by use of regression models and results presented as descriptive and inferential. Outcomes were presented in tables and figures. The findings showed that EOI significantly influenced employee performance. It also showed that affective commitment partially mediated EOI - employee performance relationship. The study further showed that organizational support and OCB moderated EOI - employee performance relationship. The study finally established that the joint influence of EOI, affective commitment, organizational support and OCB on employee performance was significant. However, the study found that the role of organizational support was insignificant in the joint influence. The study also revealed that the power of EOI negatively diminished in the joint influence. The significant results of the study contributed to SIT, Two factor theory and SET postulations. Study findings also contributed to organizational policies and practices by bringing a better insight and understanding of employee performance behaviours. The study has proven that the interaction of EOI, affective commitment, organizational support and OCB positively influence employee performance. The study had limitations of subjectivity that may have crept in due to employee’s attitude and bias but mitigating measures were taken effectively. The study suggested that further study be done using the same variables on a longitudinal design to determine the consistency of outcomes on the influence of EOI on Employee Performance with the mediating role and moderating influence of affective commitment, organizational support and OCB respectively. Further, the study recommends that motor vehicle organizations in Kenya should adopt EOI, affective commitment, organizational support and OCB factors to enhance employee performance, and that a similar study be done in the public sector in Kenya for generalization of findings.

The study sought to establish the influence of strategy evaluation on organizational performance of the Kenya Revenue Authority. The study was guided by the following objective; to establish the influence of strategy evaluation on performance of KRA. A case study design was adopted and data was obtained in its primary form supported by the interview guide. Data in this study was gathered in its qualitative form and its analysis was guided by content analysis. Only one unit of analysis was used being KRA. The findings were presented in propose and figures. The study observed that strategy evaluation was being carried out at KRA on a monthly, quarterly, semi-annually and annual basis. The relevant strategy evaluation practices that had been adopted by the authority include customer satisfaction evaluation, revenue risk areas evaluation and performance appraisal, internal and external audits correction of challenges in performance, assessment of external and internal forces and business evaluation. Strategy evaluation had positively contributed towards an improvement in customer satisfaction despite the inability of the authority to meet revenue collection targets. The study recommends that in order to enhance strategy evaluation process at KRA, there is need to invest more resources in strategic planning, frequent field visits and impact evaluation of the strategy. There is need to implement recommendations at end of the strategy evaluation process. Annual reviews should be adopted instead of quarterly or semi-annual reviews at KRA.

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the commonest complication of preterm infants and remains one of the major public health issues that contribute to neonatal mortality and morbidity, especially in Africa where 80% of neonatal mortality is estimated to be caused by preterm complications. Due to aggressive mechanical ventilation complications, a lot of strategies have been put in place to manage RDS and reduce its mortality including surfactant and less invasive modalities like continuous positive pressure (CPAP) ventilation. Nowadays, CPAP is the preferred mode of RDS treatment. However, CPAP is not easily accessible to every preterm infant in the low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and may be the case in Kenya. Objectives: The objectives were to determine the proportion of preterm infants with RDS admitted to the newborn unit (NBU) at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) with a missed opportunity (within 48 hours of life) for CPAP, and to determine the barriers and facilitators of CPAP utilization. Methodology: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study that employed interactive explanatory concurrent mixed methods at the NBU in KNH. The study population was mainly preterm neonates (<37 weeks) within forty-eight hours of life who had signs of moderate respiratory distress (Silverman Anderson Score 4-6) or met the criteria for prophylactic CPAP (GA28-30 weeks or BW 1000g -1300g) from 28th July to 29th November 2021 (Quantitative arm). Participants who met the inclusion criteria were recruited consecutively until the desired sample size was reached. The qualitative arm was to determine the barriers and facilitators of CPAP utilization. The key informants were mainly; neonatologists, neonatal fellows, pediatric registrars, medical officers, nurses, and equipment nurse who utilize CPAP daily in their work from the newborn unit, procurement officer, and a biomedical engineer. These interviews happened from September to October 2021. Data was integrated by merging two data sets for analysis and a joint display was used whereby the quantitative and qualitative data were listed in different sections with an integrative statement. Results: A total of one hundred and sixty-seven term neonates were reviewed and analyzed. Fifty six of these children (33.5% [95% CI 59.0% - 73.2%]) missed the opportunity to receive NCPAP. Missed opportunity for prophylactic group and Silverman Anderson Score group was 44.7 (34.1% - 55.9%) and 24.2 (16.5% - 33.9%) respectively. Twenty key informants were interviewed and the facilitators of NCPAP use reported were: i) the training and mentorship of health workers, ii) availability of NCPAP machines, iii) KNH being a referral hospital and conditions of referrals, iv) global evidence that NCPAP use is beneficial, v) development of xii technology, and vi) there was a need for NCPAP use. Barriers to NCPAP use were mainly: i) the inadequate number of NCPAP machines, ii) inadequate training and mentorship, iii) inadequate and inappropriate size of NCPAP consumables, iii) staff shortage, iv) faulty CPAP and v) long servicing turnaround time, vi) long cleaning turnaround time, vi) infrastructure challenges e.g. limited space in the unit, and vii) insufficient utilities like oxygen outlet points. Conclusion: The proportion of the missed opportunity for NCPAP at the NBU in KNH was found to be high (33.5%). Barriers to NCPAP use were mainly related to medical products and technologies, health workforce related challenges, and service delivery. We recommend the provision of more NCPAP machines, human resource support, frequent training/CMEs/mentorship, infrastructure improvement, the adequate and appropriate size of consumables, and promotion of family-centered care to support more preterm neonates in need and also for the quality of care improvement.

This study sought to examine the effect of business continuity strategies on performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study was anchored on two theories namely the contingency theory and the institutional theory. The target population for this study is 42 Commercial Banks Kenya. Primary data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. A response of 34 questionnaires were returned yielding a response of 81%. . (How was analysis done?) The regression analysis findings revealed a statistically significant effect of business continuity on organizational performance of commercial banks as shown by significance level of 0.000 which is <0.05. This affirms that the model is statistically fit as an estimator of bank performance. The coefficient of determination (R2) 0.519 value implied that 51.9 % of performance of commercial banks is attributed to business continuity practices namely management support, organizational preparedness, embeddedness to continuity practices and adaptation to external environment. The coefficients output in the regression model show that management support, organizational preparedness, embeddedness to continuity practices and adaptation to external environment have a positive and statistically significant impact on bank performance. The study recommends the need for the top management to continue supporting the business continuity plans through adequate resourcing through purchase of sophisticated risk detection systems and inviting professionals to enlighten the staff on matters to business continuity, constant lookout for information to timely predict and respond to global shocks which is achievable by having a competent team that is able to forecast and simulate scenarios for appropriate action, setting up a business continuity department and keeping an eye to cautious to ensure that the measures blend with our local circumstances do not strain the local systems and resources and ultimately drive performance

An organization is said to be strategically agile when is it able to understand the environment in which it operates in, identify changes in that environment and adopt a swift reaction to those changes in order to achieve competitive advantage over other companies. The strategies a company uses to respond to environmental changes are crucial to its performance and could lead to achievement of competitive advantage. The objective of this study was to establish the influence of strategic agility on competitive advantage in Simba Corporation Limited, Kenya. The research was anchored on the theory of competitive advantage and Institutional theory. The study adopted a case study research design and data was collected using interviews. The data was then analyzed using content analysis and presented in prose form. Product agility, business model agility, Information technology agility, quality agility and human resource agility were recognized as the agility strategies used by Simba Corporation Limited, Kenya to achieve competitive advantage. Product agility helps the company to meet changing customer demands therefore increase market share. Information technology helps to ensure accuracy in data analysis and processing. Quality agility ensures compliance to quality standards and regulations thereby making the company attractive to potential investors and business partners. The study emphasized that competitiveness of any company depends on how agile the company is in response to environmental changes. The study recommends that Simba Corporation should consider accelerating its regional expansion drive to enjoy a less saturated east and central African market which guarantee reduced competition and ultimately better growth prospects. The study also recommends a policy framework to be created by the management and owners of Simba Corporation limited Kenya, to promote strategic agility which will increase Simba Corporation’s competitiveness. The study further recommends regular documentation of implemented strategic agilities in order to keep track on progress of the company. The study also recommends involvement of each staff member in the process of developing new strategies in order to promote strategic agility which will in turn lead to competitive advantage in the organization.

Utafiti huu ulichunguza muundo wa simulizi kwenye riwaya ya Vuta N’kuvute yake Adam Shafi. Utafiti wetu ulikuwa na malengo ambayo ni kuchunguza muundo wa simulizi katika riwaya ya Vuta N’kuvute, kuonyesha jinsi vipengele vya hadithi, matini na usimulizi vinavyodhihirika katika riwaya hiyo na kubainisha uamilifu wa vipengele vya simulizi katika kujenga ukamilifu wa riwaya ya Vuta N’kuvute. Utafiti uliongozwa na nadharia ya Naratolojia mtazamo wa Rimmon-Kenan (2002). Mihimili ya nadharia hii ndiyo iliongoza kwenye utafiti kwani ilisaidia kwenye uchunguzi wa usawiri wa wahusika na uwasilishaji wa usemi na mawazo yao. Vilevile, ilisaidia kuelewa jinsi kipengele cha wakati kinavyojitokeza kwenye riwaya ya Vuta N’kuvute na kubaini jinsi usimulizi na mtazamo unavyojitokeza. Utafiti ulikuwa wa maktabani na uchanganuzi na uwasilishwaji wa data ulikuwa kwa mbinu ya maelezo. Mapendekezo yaliyotolewa kwenye utafiti wetu ni kuwa, tafiti za baadaye zifanywe kuhusu riwaya zingine za Adam Shafi na pia tafiti za kiulinganishi kama vile kwenye riwaya na hadithi fupi kuhusu muundo wa simulizi.

This thesis focuses on Christian-based interventions in the effects of interethnic conflicts on people residing in the Njoro Sub-county, from 1992 to 2012. The study has provided detailed information on the causes and effects of interethnic conflict. It has further provided valuable information on the Christian based interventions, aspects that influence interventions, and the difficulties experienced. Recommendations on improving the effectiveness of Christian based interventions have been made. The theoretical framework in the study is the theory of situational ethics which asserts that the absolute law that should influence decision making in any circumstance is love. It is envisaged in the study that the provision of interventions to those affected by the conflict is primarily a result of the love that is articulated in Christian teachings. The researcher applied the qualitative methodology to collect the data. Forty informants who comprised members of ethnic communities, individuals engaged in conflict resolution, peace, and reconciliation process, government officials, and members of the clergy were interviewed. Judgmental sampling was applied to identify respondents that had information relevant to the study. From the findings, Christian based interventions provided relief aid to those affected which included food, clothes, shelters, reconstructing livelihoods, psychosocial support, prayers and homilies, lobbying and advocacy, and peacebuilding initiatives. The interventions derived motivation from Christianity's teachings on love, interethnic relations, peace, conflict resolutions, and God's overall plan for humankind. Inadequate support to some members of the clergy who were providing the interventions, lack of cooperation among the members of the clergy, and interruptions by the political environment posed some difficulties to Christian based interventions. Other difficulties include prevalent mistrust, suspicion, inadequate financial resources, and skills among some Christian leaders on how to respond to the interethnic conflict.Christian based interventions are valuable in the future relations of ethnic communities residing in Njoro Sub-county. Such emanates from the significant influence of Christianity in the Sub-county. About 94% of the population within Nakuru County where Njoro Sub-county is located professes Christian faith, providing a valuable avenue to articulate and implement Christian based interventions to mitigate the effects and resolve the interethnic conflict. To enhance the effectiveness of the Christian based interventions, Christianity will need to win the trust and confidence of the divided ethnic communities. Such will require those involved in providing the interventions to be committed to demonstrating the equality of different ethnic communities residing in the Sub-county. Peace and reconciliation between communities will need to be designed as a continuous process and not a short-term exercise during violent periods. It will be crucial to build the capacity of Christian-based institutions and their respective leadership to enhance effectiveness. More research on how interethnic conflict has affected people's trust in Christian teachings and Christian leadership in the Sub-county is needed. Investigations of probable contributions by individuals who refer to themselves as Christian "prophets" and "prophetesses" to the conflict in the region would valuable. The effects of the ethnic constitution of denominations and churches on the integration of ethnic communities and the psychosocial well-being of the affected individuals and communities would require further research.

When a convict has completed his/her sentence, it is everyone’s hope including the government that they will go back to being productive members of the community. Unfortunately, this is not true all the time. Some recently released inmates re-enter crime and ultimately find themselves back in incarceration. In Kenya, reoffending rate has been shown by existing data from Kenya Prison Services to be on a rising trend despite rehabilitation of the prison services. This research work aimed at finding out the risk factors associated with the likelihood of reoffending. The study focused on 174 inmates at Shimo la Tewa prison in Mombasa County. The specific aim of the study was to explore the extent to which personal, interpersonal and community factors influence the likelihood to reoffend. The research employed the PIC-R model that seeks to explain the etiology of deviance. A quantitative survey design was used for the study and the sample was stratified and selected purposively. Data from inmates were collected using self-report questionnaires. The collected data from questionnaires was coded and tabulated. Both descriptive and inferential data analysis was done with the use of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences software. Study results showed that personal, interpersonal and community risk factors have a positive relationship with the likelihood to reoffend. Unemployment was found out to be the highest risk factor in reoffending among the inmates. The study recommends the alignment of programs in accordance with the risk factors in order to prevent reoffending.

This study analyzed managers’ perception of the relationship between competitive advantage and strategic alliances in AAR Insurance Kenya Limited. The study adopted the case study research design. The objective of the study was to determine the managers’ perception of the relationship between strategic alliance and competitive advantage in AAR Insurance Kenya Limited. The research study assumed is a case study design to give a holistic account of the research. The study interviewed six senior managers who are involved in strategic management and processes in the organization. The data was analyzed using content analysis, it helped to identify the concepts and the key words in the text and generate relevant results. The study showed that AAR Insurance had engaged in strategic alliances and specifically engaged in equity alliances severally and just one Joint ventures alliance and never engaged in contractual alliance. The study distinguished that factors that directed AAR Insurance to be involved in strategic alliances with other organizations were two key motives; transaction cost motive and competitive position motive: leveraging on economies of scale, digitization, entry into new markets, market penetration, capturing international markets, improving the capability to develop new products, and distributing organizational resources. The research found that AAR Insurance had attained competitive advantage because of the getting involved in strategic alliances as depicted in increased profitability and market share. AAR Insurance has also generated huge streams of revenue because of their strategic alliances with financial institutions like commercial banks and credit facilities in Kenya. The study recommendation is that the players and regulators within the insurance industry should involve themselves in strategic alliances since strategic alliances help a firm gain competitive advantage and further impacts the lives of their customers in a very crucial manner. The study also recommended that similar studies be simulated across all the other insurance company managers to access how and if strategic alliances can result in competitive advantages in the insurance market in the country. Another suggestion was to conduct a study like this to gauge whether other organizations that have been involved with AAR Insurance achieved any competitive advantages.