Every country aims at achieving economic growth and many policies are formulated with this goal in mind. Financial development is key to improving economic growth. This study sought to determine the relationship between financial deepening and economic growth in Kenya. The study is based on three theories that is Financial Repression Theory, Finance Growth Theory and Financial Intermediation Theory. The study used descriptive research design. This study relied on secondary data sources which included the Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and Market Capitalization. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Findings showed a positive significant relationship between broad money supply and economic growth (r= 0.711, p-value=0.000); a negative significant relationship between interest rates and economic growth at (r= -.323, p-value=0.003); a positive significant correlation between credit to private sector and economic growth (r= 0.449, p-value=0.001); significant relationship between foreign direct investments and economic growth (r= 0.349, p-value=0.002) and an insignificant relationship between market capitalization and economy growth (r= 0.7, p-value=0.000). Policymakers should adopt favorable monetary policies that help reduce the exchange rate, to boost foreign direct investment and improving economic growth. To attract and channel foreign direct investment (FDI) to more productive and comparatively advantaged manufacturing for exports, government supply-side strategies such as government subsidies and tax refunds are proposed. This aims to boost domestic producers' productivity and export supply capacity, as well as their efficiency.

The business environment continually changes and if firms do not adjust to the fast changing needs of consumers, the changing competitive landscapes, and the need to acquire competent talent, their operations could be unprofitable. Given the unpredictable nature of the business environment, organizations are expected to be agile. There is a need for SMEs to rapidly and proactively identify and adapt to changes in the environment to mitigate the risk of being out-done by their competitors and to serve their customers well. This research investigated the link between organizational agility and performance of SMEs in Nairobi County. Judgmental sampling design was used and a sample size of 99 SMEs was selected from which 84 fully completed questionnaires were gathered and data analyzed. Employee engagement has a positive and significant influence while IT systems adoption and customer engagement were noted to have insignificant negative effects on SMEs performance. It was noted that 99.2% change in SMEs performance was explained for by change in employee engagement. The study recommends that top management should ensure employee commitment and locality which will then transcend to improved services delivery to their clients. However, IT adoption and customer engagement should not be avoided but their implementation should start with equipping employees with skills and competencies to not only meet customers' expectations – but exceed them.

Communications value chain has grown tremendously. Commercialized mobile networks have shifted from 1G to 2G, to 3G, to 4G and currently to 5G. 5G technology has been lauded as being disruptive and revolutionary by many commentators. The regulatory realm is expected to be also disrupted by 5G technology. Identifying key regulatory elements is the first step in examining the regulatory implications of 5G technology. Access regulation, consumer protection, competition enforcement and economic regulation, intellectual property, privacy and data protection, resource management, network security, taxation, and universal service and accessibility are some of the general elements of mobile communication ecosystem regulation. It is evident that 5G regulation must be broadened or linked to areas that are currently unregulated or only lightly regulated but will become part of the developing industrial ecosystem. This begs the question whether the current regulatory framework in Kenya will be disrupted by 5G technology thus occasioning reforms. This study analyses eight key strands of regulatory issues occasioned by 5G technology: Net neutrality; privacy and security; infrastructure sharing; deployment; spectrum allocation; mobile network standards; service diversification and bundling; and competition. These legal issues must be effectively addressed for efficient deployment of 5G networks. This study seeks to test the efficacy of the legal and institutional framework in Kenya in addressing these issues. This study also seeks to draw lessons from five jurisdictions. These are: South Africa, South Korea, Singapore, the US and the EU. These lessons will be vital in the establishment of 5G Roadmap in Kenya. South Africa was the 5G trailblazer in Africa. This study reviews regulatory practices from developed countries to draw lessons.

As the aviation industry grows globally, the general aviation segment in Kenya has made tremendous development both in air traffic and investment. The gains, however, have led to an increased pressure on management level personnel. The main objective of this research was to examine the factors affecting job satisfaction among management level employees in general aviation industry in Kenya. Specifically, the research examined the levels of job satisfaction among management employees, analysed factors affecting management level employees and challenges facing management level employees. Two- factor theory, ability motivation opportunity theory, theory of action acted as the guide and anchoring theories for the research. The research adopted a case study design and the tool used for data collected was a self-administering questionnaire. The collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis and findings of the research were presented on tables. The findings indicated that employee welfare, psychological contracts, work policies, in this order, have a significant impact on job satisfaction levels among management employees,a highly regulated work environment has no impact. The research recommended a review of the corporate human resource policies to provide guidelines on how to inspire, speak and listen to the employees. Further recommendation of the research was to break down company objectives into measurable targets for the management employees to be able to measure performance.

Diversification strategies is a key tool firms across the globe have applied for decades to achieve their business objectives. The grounding theories for this study were Resource-Based Theory and Modern Portfolio Theory. Only a few studies on diversifying and financial performance of telecommunication firms have been conducted in Kenya, which is the gap and the current study aimed to respond to the question: what is the effect of product diversification on business performance of telecommunication firms in Kenya? The study adopted a descriptive cross sectional research design. The populace of the study comprised of telecommunication service providers operating in Kenya. Secondary data was used in the study. Out of the 95 projected data points, 95 were collected. This translates to a 100% response rate. Diversification, company size, growth, and capital structure are all independent variables that affected the return on assets of telecommunication companies, according to the study. Diversification had a positive relationship with ROA. Linearity and normality tests were performed, suggesting that the data was normally distributed. The multicollinearity VIF test yielded values of 1.022 to 2.431, which are in the 1–10 range, indicating that multicollinearity does not exist. The researcher recommended that managers of the various players in the telecommunication industry to come up with better management alternatives that assist in proper and effective implementation of diversification strategies. Future research should look into broadening the scope of the study to include both internal and external factors that may have influenced the business community's performance levels.

Supply chains have become more complex as a result of recent advancements in globalization and digital trade, making them more vulnerable to unanticipated disruptions in the environment they operate in. Growth in our country's economy and society is played can be attributed to businesses of all sizes, both large and small (SMEs). The supply chain role within the company, among other critical functions, contributes to the success of such businesses. Suppliers, end users, and state and non-state stakeholders form important participants in the supply chain network. The study aimed to investigate supply1chain1resilience1techniques widely adopted by manufacturing SMEs and to determine the impact of supply1chain1resilience1on manufacturing SMEs' operational performance in Nairobi County's industrial region. The study was powered by the theories of dynamic capacity, resource-based, and strategic decision-making. According to information received from the Nairobi County licensing department, there are 58 registered manufacturing SMEs operating in Nairobi County's industrial sector. As part of this research, 58 manufacturing SMEs were surveyed. As a result, the entire population was analyzed using a census survey method. This study relied widely on closed-ended questionnaires for data gathering. Based on the study's goals, a series of statements and questions were prepared for the survey. The quantitative information collected from respondents in the survey was measured using the SPSS software. The study also employed regression analysis in order to show a correlation between manufacturing SMEs' supply1chain1resilience1tactics and operational performance. There was a 95% confidence interval for the R squared value of the manufacturing SMEs working in Nairobi County's Industrial region's operational performance, according to the study's findings. The findings in this study show that many of the SMEs in the Industrial Zone, Nairobi County are using these practices to increase their resilience during economic downturns with a 79 percent variation on operational performance measures. Research has shown that there is a direct correlation between the R-value of 0.839 and research variables. As a result of this study, it is recommended that strategic and middle-level managers in Nairobi County's Industrial Area devote additional resources to the implementation of supply1chain1resilience1strategies to earn long-term benefits from exceptional operational performance. According to the findings of this study, SMEs in Kenya should boost their investments in supply1chain1resilience1measures to counter supply chain vulnerability and efficiently boost operational performance.

Most organizations are currently operating in a market that is uncertain and despite this challenge, they have to strive and achieve success in their operations through building their strategic position and distinct competitiveness. The goal of the study was to see if there was a link between strategic orientation and competitive advantage in Kenyan pension systems. The particular goal was to determine the individual and combined effects of market, technology, relationship, and entrepreneurial orientation on the competitiveness of select pension businesses in order to achieve the overall goal. The research was based on resource-based theory and Porter's framework, with a cross-sectional research methodology and a population of 31 pension firms that are members of the Retirement Benefits Authority (RBA). The primary data was gathered using a questionnaire as the primary instrument for data collection. Data analysis was achieved by computing inferential-regression analysis and descriptive statistics-mean, standard deviations, percentages and frequency distribution. From individual independent variable point of view, the study established that market orientation is critical dimension of strategic orientation and particularly in the alignment of strategic market strategies to meet customer specification. Secondly, the study found that strategic orientation is positively related with competitive advantage of pension schemes in Kenya as far as entrepreneurial orientation dimension is concerned. In order to enhance entrepreneurial strategies, the pension schemes produce new and unique products and services that are fashioned towards providing solution to customer needs and wants. The study findings with regard to technology orientation shows that there is a positive relationship between strategic orientation (through technology orientation) and competitive advantage of pension schemes in Kenya. In determination of the relationship between strategic orientation as a whole concept with sustainable competitive advantage, the study established as a result of strategic orientation, products of specific pension schemes are difficult to be copied by other schemes due to uniqueness and complexity of the products. Strategic orientation has also enabled the pension schemes to respond well to changes in the market and track changes in customer needs and wants. Collection of strategic information has also improved that enabling the firms to orient service production strategically. The inferential statistics computed shows that there is a strong and positive correlation (R= 0.892) between strategic orientation and competitiveness of pension schemes in Kenya. Effective implementation of strategic orientation strategies was found to cumulatively contribute to 79.5% (R2=0.795) influence on the competiveness of the pension firms.