This study examined strategic planning and internet influence in the detection of counterfeited products to enhance performance of firms. The findings from the study may help in confirming the need for the inclusion of strategic planning in countering counterfeits in manufacturing firms. The study attempted to answer if the adoption of strategic planning and internet adoption enable detection of counterfeit products and enhance performance. Two theories formed the basis of the study namely, profit maximization and Survival based theory. The research methodology employed was descriptive survey design and the findings were employed using graphs and tables. The data collection methods used was questionnaires which yielded a 100% response rate. The findings show that manufacturing companies engaged strategic planning and the internet adoption and this enhanced performance through detection of counterfeited products. The study recommended the use of strategic planning and the internet to detect counterfeit products and enhance the performance of manufacturing firms. Future studies should focus on advanced technologies in other countries apart from Kenya and other strategic management practices that will enhance countering counterfeits, for comparison purposes.

The study had an objective of determining impact of digital innovations on the performance of banking industry in Kenya. The study involved a population of 42 registered commercial banks which were in operation as at 31st December 2019. Secondary data was collected for the period ranging between 2012 to 2019. Quarterly data on net income, Asset quality, and liquidity, was retrieved from the individual commercial banks’ annual reports. Data on transactions numbers through the mobile devices, value of bank transactions through the Internet devices in the whole year, and the value of transactions through the ATMs was obtained from the CBK’s annual survey report. Diagnostic examinations on normality, linearity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation were done on the collected data to establish its suitability in the formulation of linear regression model. The study applied statistics of description such as median and mode for data analysis. Inferential statistics were used in the study through the multiple regression models so as to find out the link between the explained and explanatory variables. Correlation analysis established ATM banking showed positive relationship with financial performance while internet banking showed a positive but insignificant linkage with banking industry performance. Regression analysis on the other hand revealed that ATM banking and internet banking had a tangible and significant relationship with performance of commercial banks while mobile banking had negative and insignificant relationship to the financial performance. The study recommended banking industry to increase their application of such digital innovations as mobile banking, ATM banking and internet banking..

The reason for this examination was completed to explore how the conduct of international relations among states is impacted by the information communication technology, with focus on the republic of Kenya. The particular destinations of the investigation were; to decide how the Information Communication Technology has changed the direct of global relations among states, to decide viability of leading worldwide relations through ICT among states and to investigate the impact of ICT on direct global relations among states. The investigation utilized a distinct review configuration combined with content examination. The plan was advantageous as it guaranteed that the issues under investigation were comprehensively dissected. The investigation utilized purposive straightforward irregular examination. This guaranteed that all the workers in every division had equivalent possibility of being chosen to partake in the investigation henceforth diminishing testing blunder. A sample size of 80 staffs was recognized to take an interest in the examination. The examination utilized questionnaire to gather information. Information gathered was coded, scored and entered into a computer utilizing the software known as statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Quantitative information was investigated utilizing tables, figures and charts. ICT were discovered to be positive related with global relations subsequently the examination reasons that ICT contributes towards lead of worldwide relations. In addition, how ICT impacts were distinguished as web-based media stages, for example, twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, thus it contributes towards lead of worldwide relations. Viability was discovered to be positive and proficient; this induces that state ICT is a significant factor that contributes towards lead of global relations, Case Study of Kenya. The investigation suggests that different states ought to guarantee reception of ICT, as these are probably going to impact lead of worldwide relations between states. As the examination discoveries indicated that lead of worldwide relations relates decidedly with ICT, the legislature ought to give an empowering ground to ICT selection as it influences direct of global relations. The investigation suggests that Kenya should grasp new ICT gauges and authorize laws that favor innovation.

Informal communication or grapevine, is a channel of communication that stretches through organizations in all directions, irrespective of the levels of authority. Grapevine arises from social interactions among the employees, and serves to describe the structure of an organization. Informal communication tends to become conspicuous when formal communication channels are closed. However, it is not clear whether informal communication contributes to conflict management, and if so, to what extent. This leaves a knowledge gap worth exploring. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the outcomes of using informal communication in managing conflicts among employees at MPESA Foundation Academy. The general objective of this study was to assess the place of informal communication in conflict management. The specific objectives were, (a) to find out the factors that lead to the use of informal communication over formal communication among employees in schools, (b) to explore the main causes of conflicts among employees in schools, (c) to assess the role of informal communication as a conflict management strategy in organizations. The study was informed by Organizational Conflict Theory and Social Network Theory. Descriptive study design was used in conducting the research. A Qualitative approach was adopted, where qualitative data was collected. Data was obtained using Focused Group Discussions, and key informant interviews. The research population included teachers and non- teaching staff. Collected data was analysed and presented thematically using the narrative form. The study found that informal communication is used as a means of communication as well as a means of managing or solving most conflicts in places of work. Furthermore, the researcher established that as a conflict management tool, has both positive and negative outcomes, although the positive outcomes outweigh the negative outcomes. The study recommends that policy makers at various levels of educational management incorporate informal communication training at various curriculums and professional development training so as to equip employees and management personnel with skills necessary in tapping into informal communication in managing and solving workplace place conflicts.

The study aims to critically analyze the type of collaboration between Catholic Justice and Peace Commission (CJPC) and the Governments of Kenya and Uganda in conflict prevention. The main focus is Gulu region, Northern Uganda especially Adjumani and Amuru areas in Uganda and Nairobi City County in Kenya especially; Kibera, Kariobangi and Mathare. The main objective is to examine the motivating factors leading to this collaboration between the CJPC, Government of Kenya, Uganda and the areas of collaboration and the indicators of collaboration. In the study, the Functionalist Approach has been used where one hypothesis was tested; The CJPC and the Government of Kenya and Uganda are collaborating in preventing conflicts in Nairobi City County and Gulu Region, the CJPC and the Government of Kenya and Uganda have specific areas of collaboration and there are indicators that implies that collaboration is taking place between the CJPC and the Government of Kenya and Uganda. The research design included the use of questionnaires, interview schedules, and focus group discussions to collect data from the participants. The researcher used purposive and simple random sampling methods to sample 36 participants. The data which was collected was critically analyzed in consideration of the objectives of the study. From the research, the study confirmed that, there is positive collaboration between the CJPC and the Governments of Kenya and Uganda. However, the study found out that, there are institutional weaknesses within CJPC and the two Governments which act as an impediment to effectiveness in conflict prevention. Based on the research findings, the study recommends the strengthening of the CJPC as an institution in Catholic Church in term of finances and human resources to handle issues of conflict prevention effectively. For the two Governments, there is need to establish conflict transformation centers. The purpose of this will be to respond to day and day issues before conflict arises and expediting the response of the institutions during conflict.

The threat posed by the prevalence of risks facing insurance firms around the world has been a major challenge experienced in the insurance industry. To a large extent, such risks have accounted for huge insurance claims facing insurance firms and have consequently affected their profitability. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between social risks and financial performance of insurance companies in Kenya. Social risks arise largely from changes in the social processes, inter-personal behaviors, environmental and political structures surrounding the insurance sector. Descriptive research design was adopted, and all fifty-four (54) insurance firms as at the end of 2018 were targeted for study. The study used both primary and secondary data. The former was collected using a structured questionnaire that was filled by a senior management staff in each company. The latter comprised data on financial performance for each company obtained from IRA publications for the period 2014-2018. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and linear regression. The study found out that insurance fraud and intermediaries were the main social risks that have had a negative and statistically significant effect financial performance of insurance firms in Kenya. Further, whereas terrorism and political unrest were found to have an insignificant effect, the influence of social risks arising from substance abuse, lifestyle changes and moral hazard were perceived to be moderate. Correlation results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between each pair of social risks considered in the study, suggesting that they have the potential to interact with each other, to adversely impact on profitability. The study recommends insurance firms to carefully consider, assess and evaluate their various social risk mitigation measures so as to lessen the adverse effects on profitability.

This study was intended mainly at identifying elements affecting military involvement in multi-agency security operations in Eastern Africa and to ascertain the nature and rationale of the mechanisms and strategies used in Kenya. This study therefore aims to make an impact to the national security organs on policy formulation process by explaining the determinants of military participation in internal security actions in the face of new security threats. The study adopted a case study approach that is best suited to the study of individual cases and included research design, techniques and tools for collecting data, sampling frames and analyzing and presenting data. The results of this study reaffirm that an acceptable and efficient multi-agency security operations strategy in Kenya and East Africa must be multidimensional, involving both non-state and state players in the combat against insecurity and terrorism through a combined effort. The study recommended development of a national multi-agency security operations and a new strategy to combat terrorism in Kenya and Eastern Africa.

The Constitution of Kenya, 2010 brought a new dawn with the change from the centralised system of governance to a devolved system of governance. The Constitution went on to provide for the principle of public participation. At the national and county government levels of government and for both the Executive and the Legislature, the Constitution has made public participation in decision making compulsory. The Constitution does not spell out how this principle should be applied. This study seeks to establish what this principle entails and what various legislations provide in regard to public participation in devolved governments. This principle provides for an open, accountable and a process that is well structured process where citizens exchange opinions, interact and have an influence in decision making by the government. Articles 196 and 201 of the Constitution are some of the provisions that stipulate this principle. This study will also seek to highlight some of the challenges that are encountered by both the citizens and the government as this principle is applied.

It has been reported that self and partner’s HIV status knowledge is low among heterosexual couples around the world. The study’s key objective was establishing the HIV testing on uptake of pretesting among married couples in Nyamira county Bosamaro Chache Ward. This study collected the views of couples and the local leaders and therefore it helped in establishment of determinants of HIV prevention strategies among married couples. In that regard, this would help in policy formulation to enhance the testing. The research incorporated a descriptive survey research design. The targeted population included 39,758 residents of Bosamaro Chache Ward from where a sample size of 400 was selected. Further, the study targeted the community leaders and personnel working in health centers in the ward drawn from each of the sub-locations of Ikobe, Bigege, Enchoro and Kegogi. The research picked a sample through the technique of stratified random sampling. The study used primary data collected using a questionnaire. The researcher conducted a pre-test to ensure reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The researcher administered the questionnaire individually to the selected sample. The research checked the completed questionnaires for completeness and consistency. Analysis of the data was done through the use of inferential and descriptive statistics. Correlation and regression model were employed to study the relationship between the independent variables (pretest counseling, awareness of HIV/AIDS, models of testing and accessibility to testing site) and the dependent variable (uptake of HIV testing among married couples in Bosamaro Chache Ward, Nyamira County). From the study, pre-test counseling, awareness of HIV/AIDS, models of testing, and accessibility to testing site were all established to be determinants of uptake of HIV testing among married couples in Bosamaro Chache Ward, Nyamira County. It was established that pretest counseling enhanced the testing uptake for HIV amongst married couples to a great extent. Awareness of HIV/AIDS was also established to enhance the uptake of HIV testing among married couples in Bosamaro Chache Ward to a great extent. Results revealed that the models of testing determined the testing uptake for HIV amongst married couples in Bosamaro Chache Ward to a great extent. On accessibility of the test sites, the results revealed that married couples who lived near VCT center preferred to go to a VCT center far away from the sight of their neighbors so that they are not suspected to be infected. The study concludes that pre-test counseling, awareness of HIV/AIDS, models of testing, and accessibility to testing were determinants for testing uptake for HIV amongst married couples in Bosamaro Chache Ward. To encourage the testing uptake for HIV amongst married couples counselors should be provided with testing checklist or algorithm to guide them through the counseling process. Further, they should be given effective support and training, to enhance their capacity for consistently conveying to customers the right advice. The county government is supposed to hold awareness campaign to disseminate information on HIV treatment and prevention. Efforts should be put promote public alertness about risk of HIV and HIV testing benefits. The doctors should be trained to be proactive in giving HIV testing. Regular monitoring as well as evaluation of the tests is supposed to be carried out in the clinics as well as other sites of doing the rapid-tests towards ensuring specificity and sensitivity, Bosamaro Chache Ward should be equipped with more VCT centers as the available few plus distance challenges many couples from attending counseling and test sessions.

Despite the undisputed relevance of international Justice in controlling global impunity, the international Justice system faces a number of challenges. It is challenging to work effectively in an international environment where many nations are unable or unwilling to prosecute most of serious human rights crimes. This research critically examine the effect of history and the working of the IJS with an aim to an earthen both perceived and structural challenges. A focus is given to IJS in selected jurisdictions with a case study of Africa and the ICC experience in in Kenya. Appropriate recommendations are given. A mixed research method combining desktop research and descriptive survey were used in this research. Primary data was obtained from questionnaire responses with a purposive sample of 22 respondents drawn from a population of international legal practitioners such as lawyers, judges, international court registrars, legal experts and diplomats. Qualitative analysis data was done through inferential statistics using SPSS version 22 and descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data. Data was presented using text, tabulation and pie charts. Results of the research show that there are major challenges on International Justice System which include the jurisdiction challenges, lack of focus on victims, lack of touch with local realities and non-cooperation by member States. Lesson learnt from the cases of Kenya at ICC was that the court does little to victims of crimes and is vulnerable to activities that happen within and outside the country, especially where prominent people are involved in crime. It was also learnt that ICC approach to reparations in Kenya was unreliable and that without the co-operation and support of the agencies in the states, the ICC cannot tackle impunity. Another lesson was that the ICC cannot stand racist posturing and could not defend itself against accusation of targeting Africa and it was learnt that there were many challenges surrounding ICC witnesses‟ management hence interference with the witness and bribery. The recommendations of this research are rooted in the relooking on the existing structures of IJS to enable them match the global dynamics. Among the recommendations are that the International Organizations, the UN and the AU and International Courts should live to their international Law that promote world equality, international justice and observance of human rights. The Governments of Africa are also called upon to cooperate with IJS in order to ensure deterrence for future crimes against humanity particularly arising out of rampant post-election violence.