In the building construction industry, labor Unions have numerous challenges over establishing their set goals. This research therefore sought to investigate the challenges of labor unions in the region of Kampala and in addition assess their effectiveness, in particular, to the building construction industry. The labor Union, here in question, is the Uganda Building Construction, Civil Engineering, Cement and Workers’ Allied Union (UBCCECAWU), the researcher opts to correspond to this Union as it the Union directly in link with Workers in the building construction industry. The research was an explanatory research that clarified the challenges of Labor Unions and how they could influence their strategies in the Building Construction Industry. lt was qualitative in nature which aimed at discovering and comparing the challenges of the labor Union in Question with the general Unions. The findings achieved were a representative of respondents’ views from the building construction industry. It sought to preview the challenges of the labor Union in question and suggested solutions on how they could be effective in the industry. The very challenges that the Union face include, the poor sanitation of Unions affairs, poor management, inadequate communication, limited government supports, internal leadership conflicts, the unfamiliarity of the Union, and ease to which they are bribed. Conclusions were obtained corresponding to the feedbacks from chosen respondents; in essence, the Union, UBCCECAWU, was weak in achieving its sole purposes as a union on behalf of the workers in the industry. In other words, to increase their influence in the industry, it is recommended they needed to improve on the general conditions of work at workplaces, initiate proper training scheme or skills, and establish a technical scheme to handle salary/wages, and/or perhaps engage in strikes and picketing

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