In developing countries, Child sexual abuse is any behavior that exposes a child to sexual. Child abuse has led to many children contracting HIV/AIDS and STDS and increasing early pregnancies The purpose of the study was to identify the factors contributing to child sexual abuse in Makindye division. The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive and it employed both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The findings showed that 57.5% of the respondents were males and 42.5% were females, 35% were between 18 – 28 years of age, 57.5% were married, 42.5% were business men and 52.5% had 4 children and above. Results show that 40% of respondents reported that most children who were abused stayed with step parent, 72.5% of them were not educated. 80% said were un able to provide basic needs for their children so these children dropped out of the school earlier and end up abused.,40% reported that children spent most of their time in video halls, 30% said most children who stayed with their siblings or single parents were abused most .and 62.5% said most abused children came from polygamous families, 90% reported that there were no social cultural norms that supported child sexual abuse, 5% mentioned that girls were assets and sexual objects while 5% mentioned that sex was a man’s right and men had a right to many sexual partners regardless of the age, 50% reported that most families resolved cases of child sexual abuse at family level and 75% said children with substance abusing parents were always sexually abused in their community. In conclusion single parenting/broken families, polygamous marriages substance abusive parents, school drop outs, and pornography by idlers were major factors that contributed to child sexual abuse and children who stayed with step parents were at a higher risk of child abuse. Also involvement in witch craft with a belief to break through poverty. I recommend that children’s rights be strictly observed by human rights activities, and government should ensure all children below 12years go to school given there is universal free education.

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