Abstract

The modern web application has really come a long way over the years with the introduction of many popular frameworks such as bootstrap, Angular JS, etc. All of these frameworks are based on the popular JavaScript framework. But when it came to developing server based applications there was just kind of a void, and this is where Node.js came into the picture. Node.js is also based on the JavaScript framework, but it is used for developing server-based applications. While going through the entire tutorial, we will look into Node.js in detail and how we can use it to develop server based applications.

Why Unix? Unix is the most widely used computer Operating System (OS) in the world. Unix has been ported to run on a wide range of computers, from handheld personal digital assistants (PDAs) to inexpensive home computing systems to some of the worlds' largest super-computers. Unix is a multiuser, multitasking operating system which enables many people to run many programs on a single computer at the same time. After more than three decades of use, Unix is still regarded as one of the most powerful, versatile, flexible and (perhaps most importantly) reliable operating systems in the world of computing. The UNIX operating system was designed to let a number of programmers access the computer at the same time and share its resources. The operating system controls all of the commands from all of the keyboards and all of the data being generated, and permits each user to believe he or she is the only person working on the computer. This real-time sharing of resources makes UNIX one of the most powerful operating systems ever. Although UNIX was developed by programmers for programmers, it provides an environment so powerful and flexible that it is found in businesses, sciences, academia, and industry. Many telecommunications switches and transmission systems also are controlled by administration and maintenance systems based on UNIX.

Feed accounts for at least 70 percent of chicken production costs due to the expensive protein ingredients of soybean and fishmeal (SFM) that are key in commercial feed formulation. Expensive feed has seen chicken farmers scale down production or abandon the enterprise despite the current high and projected increased demand for chicken products of 121 percent by the year 2050. Insect protein from the black soldier fly (BSF) larvae has been identified as the best alternative source of protein that will reduce production costs by at least 17 percent. Previous studies have focused on the nutritional profile of the BSF and consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the end-products of chicken reared on insect-based feed (IBF). Little is known on farmers’ perceptions and WTP for IBF in chicken production in Kenya. To address this gap, this study examined farmers’ perceptions of commercial IBF and their WTP for commercial IBF attributes. Cross-sectional data was collected through a series of multi-stage sampling from 314 predominantly chicken farmers in Kiambu County, Kenya. To assess farmers’ perceptions of commercial IBF, the study employed the principal component analysis (PCA) to develop perception indices that were subsequently used in multiple regression analyses. The choice experiment (CE) valuation method and the random parameter logit (RPL) empirical model were used to evaluate famers’ WTP for commercial IBF attributes. The results show that over 90 percent of the farmers were ready and willing to use IBF. The PCA identified feed performance, social acceptability of the use of insects in feed formulation, feed versatility and marketability of products reared on IBF as the key attributes that would inform farmers’ purchase decisions. Awareness of IBF benefits, group membership, off-farm income, wealth status and education significantly influenced farmers’ perceptions of IBF. Results from the RPL revealed that farmers were willing to pay premium prices between Ksh 35 and Ksh 345 for IBF in the form of either pellets or mash, x feed explicitly labelled as containing insects, feed mixed with SFM and dark-colored feed. Further analysis generated the compensating surplus whereby policy scenarios that consider farmers’ profits, environmental sustainability and chicken welfare aspects are preferred. The findings established here underscore the importance of conducting ex-ante behavioral analysis for innovations prior to their commercial release for successful uptake. Hence, interventions such as experimental demonstrations that increase farmers’ technical knowledge on the productivity of chicken fed on IBF are crucial to reducing farmers’ uncertainties towards acceptability of IBF. Partnerships with resource-endowed farmers and farmer groups are recommended to provide wider sensitization to improve knowledge sharing on IBF. Collaborations to open communication platforms between local artisans and feed regulators and millers to facilitate the use of local machinery for feed pelleting and efficient grounding of fatty IBF are suggested, among strategies of developing certified logos for ease of IBF identification and researching on the appropriate proportions of insect and SFM protein for optimal chicken performance. The study provides empirical evidence for the harmonization of the infant regulatory framework by the Kenya Bureau of Standards to guide the standardization process of use of insects in commercial feed. The national government could implement a nation-wide value chain mapping exercise for the poultry subsector to update the contribution of poultry to the economy and to also identify opportunities and challenges faced by other poultry breeds like the indigenous chicken.

Abstract

Microbial contamination on poultry meat poses safety concerns to consumers and on commercial view, spoilage bacteria also play a bigger role towards economic losses. Control may depend on the awareness and behavioral traits of the processors. This study aimed at exploring knowledge, attitudes and practices related to microbial safety among poultry processors in Embakasi, Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was based on a cross sectional design using a structured questionnaire that was administered to 136 randomly selected street poultry processors in Embakasi, Nairobi County, Kenya. Thirty samples were collected at different processing stages and from different processors for total viable count microbial tests. The majority of respondents (82%) were aged 25-30 years, mean age was 28.9 (SD = 5.4). Everyone in the study was aware that consumption of unsafe food can cause illness. In general, the processors had high knowledge (90.8%) on microbial safety. The three least knowledgeable respondents scored 44.4% correct answers on knowledge on food safety of the administered questions. The respondents had positive attitude towards food safety with 74.6% being the average of the right attitude. The lowest score on attitude on food safety was 62.5% for two respondents. The respondents had an average of 74.6% on the right practices’ questions asked. Having participated in food safety training, higher experience in poultry processing and higher education level as compared to level of knowledge was associated with practising more preventive behaviours and having the right attitude. For the processors with knowledge of more than half (>50%) the microbial results show that the total viable count on the final product was within the allowed limit for ready to eat products. Processors with knowledge slightly less than half (<45%) the end product was found to have total viable count more than the allowed limit for ready to eat products. Attitude and Practices were found to have little significance on the microbial load; however, it was noted they were directly proportional to the knowledge level. The total viable count was found to decrease by average rate of 76% during processing with washing after evisceration being critical stage towards the reduction. Temperature of more than 750C for 1 minute was found to be critical in elimination of the microorganisms. The elimination of microorganisms was more effective in events where chlorinated water was used. PH was of little significance as there was minor deviation of PH of the water used during processing for most of poultry processors. This study provides information about knowledge, attitude and practices regarding microbial safety among poultry processors in Embakasi, Nairobi. It is clearly evident in this study that level of knowledge has positive impact on the practices, attitude of processors and eventually microbial contamination. It highlights the importance of targeting lack of knowledge for improving on food safety among the processors. The results of this study will form a useful base for training for poultry processors.

The growing food demand occasioned by the rising global population is a major issue of global concern. It calls for an increase in food production to meet the global food demand. Studies have revealed that over 33% of the food produced globally get lost through postharvest operations along the food supply chain. Lack of proper storage facilities and food handling practices are among the major causes of food losses. Reducing food losses using appropriate storage technologies is therefore important to curb food losses to ensure food and nutrition security. Thus, this study aimed to examine choices and the impact of adopting hermetic maize storage technologies (HST) on smallholder maize farmers’ income in the Gatsibo district, Rwanda. Specific objectives of this study were to characterize different maize storage technologies used by farmers in terms of the level of adoption, benefits, and constraints using descriptive statistics. It also assessed the factors affecting smallholder maize farmers’ decisions about using alternative storage technologies, using the multivariate probit model. Finally, the study assessed the impact of hermetic storage technologies adoption on maize storage income among smallholder maize farmers, using an endogenous switching regression (ESR) on a random sample of 301 respondents from Gatsibo District of Rwanda. The results revealed that the common maize storage technologies used among smallholder farmers were polypropylene bags, chemicals, hermetic bags, and silos. Only 41% were HST adopters. Membership in farmer groups, access to credit, the quantity of maize produced, access to training, and selling maize immediately after harvest were the major factors influencing farmers’ adoption of alternative storage technologies. The results from the ESR model show that household size, training, access to credit, distance to input provider, and the household head’s experience in maize production influenced smallholder farmers’ decision to adopt HST. Overall, the adoption of HST had a positive and significant impact on income from stored maize among maize smallholder farmers. The study recommends that the government of Rwanda and other stakeholders should support the dissemination of HST to facilitate access. In addition, policies supporting the training of smallholder maize farmers on post-harvest loss reduction and facilitating smallholder farmers’ access to credit are highly recommended.

IT Fundamentals introduces computer hardware, computer software, databases, networking, security, and software development. This course comprises 15 lessons covering IT fundamentals. Each lesson includes a combination of Wikipedia readings, YouTube videos, and hands-on learning activities. The course also assists learners in preparing for CompTIA IT Fundamentals certification. This entire Wikiversity course can be downloaded in book form by selecting Download Learning Guide in the sidebar. The corresponding Wikipedia reading collection can be downloaded in book form by selecting Download Reading Guide.

When learning anew programming language,you don’t yet have the experience to judge how well it will serve you in the long run. If you’re considering learning Python, let meassure youth at this is a good choice. One key reason is that Python is afull-spectrum language. What do I mean by this? Some languages are very good for beginners. They hold your hand and make programming super easy. We can go to the extreme and look at visual languages such as Scratch. In Scratch, youget blocks that represent programming concepts like variables, loops, method calls, and soon, and you drag and drop them on avisual surface. Scratch may be easy to get started with for sim13 Contents pleprograms, but you can not build professional applications with it. Name one Fortune 500 company that powers its core business logic with Scratch. Come up empty ?Me too, because that would be insanity.

Looks like we have a lot of reasons to maintain and repair our computers! This is NOT how to fix your computer! We have all been there, even me! Trust me, it just makes it worse! So what are the enemies of your computer? You Heat Dust Viruses Malware So, time for some Geek Terms! You The end user of your computer! The person that will click on just about anything on the Internet because it is there! Heat External case temperature should always be below 27*C (80*F), with the best temperatures around 18*C (65*F). Dust Consists of particles in the atmosphere that come from various sources such as soil dust lifted by weather, volcanic eruptions, and pollution. Dust in homes, offices, and other human environments contains small amounts of plant pollen, human and animal hairs, textile fibers, paper fibers, minerals from outdoor soil, human skin cells, burnt meteorite particles and many other materials which may be found in the local environment. Computer Viruses A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability. Viruses are generally meant to DAMAGE your computer! Malware Computer worms, ransomware, trojan horses, key loggers, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware, malicious BHOs(Browser Helper Objects) and other malicious software. The majority of active malware threats are usually trojans or worms rather than viruses. Malware is meant to get your information, hold you hostage, spy on you and generally annoy you! So how do we fix these problems? We'll take each one on its own! You! Information! Information! Information! You are not infected until you click on the add that says you are INFECTED! Which brings me to the first of four programs that I use to keep all of my computers running in tip top shape! Ccleaner Ccleaner is free! They have a paid version