This study was aimed at assessing the role of school leadership practices on pupils‟ literacy and numeracy in primary schools of West Division, Mubende district. The objectives that guided study were to; find out the contribution of head teachers‟ leadership in the teaching and learning of literacy and numeracy in primary schools of West Division, Mubende District, establish the contribution of class teachers‟ leadership in the teaching and learning of literacy and numeracy in primary schools of West Division, Mubende district and suggest measures for improving literacy and numeracy in primary schools. The study was carried out using a cross section research design. This design was used because it gathers information from various respondents and correlates the findings. The respondents who took part in the study included four head teachers, ten teachers and six pupils totaling to twenty respondents. Teachers and pupils were chosen using simple random sampling technique. The data was collected using well-structured questionnaires and interview guides. The data collected was presented and analyzed using tables, frequencies and percentages. The major findings showed that the head teachers‟ leadership contributes in the teaching and learning of literacy and numeracy in primary schools by: - providing supervisory role, providing sufficient and effective instructional materials, providing timely guidance and counselling to pupils which helps in boosting their retention at school, promoting staff development in their various fields of teaching and providing supportive school infrastructural development. The contribution of class teachers‟ leadership in the teaching and learning of literacy and numeracy includes: - 5reduction of learner absenteeism by roll calling, provision of career guidance, creation a positive and supportive classroom environment, enforcing of time management among learners. The measures for improving literacy and numeracy in primary schools include: - parental involvement, improving teachers‟ professional development can improve the teaching of literacy and numeracy, better teaching will support better learning, building the capacity of school leadership and ensuring that children and young people have a rounded and fulfilling educational experience. The researcher recommends support of parents who are engaged in their child‟s learning has a significant positive impact on a child‟s educational achievement, especially in literacy and numeracy, the school leadership team should identify those teachers having a wide repertoire of teaching practices which they expertly employ to suit their classroom context, their purposes and the needs of their students, and teachers should ensure that students can clearly articulate their learning goals, specifically in literacy and numeracy.

This study was carried out in Busimbi Division, Mityana Municipality .The major purpose for the study was to find out the attitude of adolescents towards condom use. In carrying out this study, three (3) research questions were posed. The study purposely sampled 25 respondents comprising of female and male adolescents. The instruments used for data collection were the questionnaires and interview guides. The study reviewed literature on the causes of negative attitude towards condom use among adolescents, the adolescents’ thinking about condom use. Following from the qualitative nature of the research design, structured interviews and questionnaire tool were used as data collection instruments to analyze the findings. The major findings of the study revealed that, there are a number of causes of negative attitude towards condom use by adolescent which included mistrust in relationship, male’s responsibility to use condoms, religion and cultural briefs, condoms use reduce sexual pleasure and the attitude that use of condoms give raise to side effects. Therefore, the researcher recommends that adolescents’ negative attitude towards use of condoms can be solved by massive sensitization of adolescents about condom use through organizing health camp meetings, sex education, television and radio shows.

This study was carried out in Kitenga sub-county, Mubende district. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of automatic promotion on the teaching-learning process in schools. The objectives of the study were to; document the reasons for automatic promotion in primary schools, document what pupils and teachers say about automatic promotion and document the impact of automatic promotion on the teaching-learning process. Qualitative research approach while utilizing descriptive survey research design was used because it involves looking in depth at non-numerical data. Headteachers, teacher and pupils were chosen because it was hoped that they possessed relevant information about automatic promotion. All the respondents were chosen using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using well-structured interview guide from all the respondents. The major findings of the study indicated that the reasons for automatic promotion in primary schools are automatic promotion saves resources, automatic promotion reduces stigmatization harming of self-esteem by preventing impairing of established peer relationships and alienating that individual from school among others. Promoting the learners to the next grade without having attained the required level of competencies negatively affects their graduation at the exit grade, contended that since learners know they would be promoted anyway, regardless of whether they have satisfied the promotional requirements or not, this would promote a culture of laziness and so on. While the impact of automatic promotion on the teaching-learning process of automatically promoted learners do not acquire adequate understanding of the prescribed academic content, noted that learners who are promoted automatically or socially, may develop what is termed “learned helplessness. Therefore, the study recommended that hierarchy on how to improve quality should be supervised and monitored, teachers must be motivated and the concept of the Competency Based Approach needs to be mastered by many teachers, slow learners should not be promoted automatically. Pupils should also be given time to assimilate what they were taught and automatic promotion should only be effected if a pupil has passed in two terms or it could be stopped completely. Conclusively there is need for more human and material resources and a standard model for the implementation of collective promotion which is monitored to ensure quality.

The purpose of this study was to make an investigation of teachers not becoming great in Kiringente sub-county, Mpigi district. The study was carried out using a cross-sectional survey design to investigate the attitudes, opinions and feelings as well as experiences of teachers, pupils and head teachers on great and worst teachers. Research was carried out in five schools of Kiringente sub-county of Mpigi. The parent populations for this study was five pupils, five teachers and five head teachers of the selected primary schools Kiringente sub-county of Mpigi out of which five schools were selected purposively. Teachers and pupils were selected using simple random technique which gives equal opportunity to all targeted respondents whereas Head teachers were selected using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used for data collection included questionnaires and interview guide which were subjected to teacher and head teachers and pupils respectively. It was established that from headteachers’ lived experience: - great teachers are the ones who are able to provide mentorship to novice teachers, great teachers lesson plan regularly before teaching, great teachers teach with instructional materials, great teachers provide guidance and counselling to students and great teachers freely participate in school co-curricular activities. It was also found out that from pupils’ experience: - a great teacher creates a sense of community and belonging in the classroom, a great teacher is warm, accessible, enthusiastic and caring, a great teacher has his own love of learning and inspires students with his passion for education and for the course material, a great teacher can “shift-gears” and is flexible when a lesson isn’t working and a great teachers respect students. Finally, it was established that from pupils’ experience worst teachers in primary school are the ones characterized by: - lack of classroom management, lack of content knowledge, lack of organizational skills, poor judgment and lack of commitment. This study recommends that the teachers be fully motivated in terms of better remunerations to raise their attitude towards work. This will help eliminate a discrepancy that exists between great and worst teachers. The school leaders should also empower teachers by delegating some responsivities to them to help improve on their confidence during teaching and learning process.

The purpose of this study was to examine teachers‟ absenteeism in government aided schools. The study was. to find out the reasons for primary teachers‟ absenteeism, to find out the thinking of primary school teachers on teachers‟ absenteeism and to find out the view of pupils on teachers‟ absenteeism. The study was conducted using a cross sectional research design. The study population included four head teachers, ten teachers and six pupils totaling to twenty respondents. All the respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using interview guide. It was established that teachers absent from schools due tp: - personal characteristics influence teacher absenteeism, illness, attending other administrative duties , leaves and poor leadership style of the principal. This study suggests that the teachers be fully motivated in terms of better remunerations to raise their attitude towards work. This will help eliminate absenteeism among teachers. In view of the findings, the study recommends schools to institute policy changes like that of maintaining attendance roll for teachers wherein teachers log in and out every single day. Equally introduction of biometric attendance register will be ideal to curb absenteeism. A summary of teacher attendance record should be posted on the staff noticeboards on a regular basis to reinforce the importance of this issue. It is also recommended that the Board of Management should consider awarding exemplary teacher attendance annually as well as enforcing existing sanctions fairly and consistently for the same reasons.

This study was carried out in Katooke town council, Kyenjojo district and the major purpose for the study was to investigate the impact of parent‟s academic meetings in primary schools on academic performance of learners. In carrying out this study, three (3) research questions were posed. The study purposely sampled 20 respondents comprising of headteachers, teachers and parents. The instruments used for data collection were the questionnaires and interview guides. The study reviewed literature on the opinion of the school administration about convening parent‟s meetings, opinion of parents about convening parent‟s academic meetings and contributions of parents‟ meetings on academic performance at class level. Following from the qualitative nature of the research design, structured interviews and questionnaire tool were used as data collection instruments and Content analysis was used to analyze the findings. The major findings of the study revealed that active participation in school meetings is necessary for achieving the best outcomes for children, serves as platform for appreciation, works as a bridge between parents and teachers and an effective way through which parents can discuss several issues that they feel are hindering their child‟s learning. Therefore, it was recommended that parents should take a lead in supporting their children‟s educational endeavors since they are the first educators to expose them to the academic world, a strong parent-teacher partnership for students to excel in a academics. Parents should also set realistic expectations on their children‟s performance where these high expectations motivate their children to perform well in academics.

The purpose of this study was to make an assessment of HIV prevention methods among youths of Bunamwaya zone, Wakiso district. The study was carried out using descriptive survey research design utilizing qualitative research approach. The respondents in the study included ten youths and ten Medical personnel. The youths and Medical personnel were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using the following tools that is to say Interview guide and questionnaires. It was revealed that on abstinence as an HIV prevention method youths have views that:- Sexual abstinence is often regarded as the opportune primary response to prevention of adolescent pregnancy and STIs , there is a lack of consensus on the success of abstinence-promoting programs in reducing risky sexual behaviors among young people, with some promoting it, the decision to practice sexual abstinence is shaped by a number of interlinking forces that include individual, family and community influences, the understanding of abstinence, its role and practice varies across cultures, communities and geographical regions and Sexual abstinence or sexual restraint is the practice of refraining from some or all aspects of sexual activity for medical, psychological, legal, social, financial, philosophical, moral, or religious reasons. The researcher recommends the following:- The Government should devote its efforts to provide the necessary environment for all leaders and stakeholders at various levels to participate and contribute to the achievement of the goals of the National Strategic Plan of substantially reducing new infections especially among youth. Leaders, married couples and youths are urged to take personal responsibility to avoid risky sexual behaviors that could contribute to an upsurge in new infection and increase the burden of the epidemic. There is need to retrieve the status of moral education, with stress on promoting morality of personal responsibility and involving the youth in general. Government and civil society should train councilors and grass root leaders, to ensure communities have accurate and current information, and can ably engage in advocacy for a strong policy environment that promotes reduction of HIV/AIDS related stigma and improves implementation of HIV/AIDS prevention and management.

This study was carried out in Ttamu Sub-County, Mityana District and the core purpose of this study was to assess the attitude of teachers and learners towards PIASCY program in primary schools. A case study of Ttamu sub-county, Mityana District. The objectives that guided the study were to; establish teachers‟ perceptions about PIASCY in primary schools, establish pupils‟ perceptions about PIASCY in primary schools and find out the impact of PIASCY on pupils‟ intention to stay at school. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population sample to take part in the study included four head teachers five pupils and eleven teachers totaling twenty respondents. Respondents who took part in the study were chosen using purposive sampling technique. The research tools used for data collection were interview guides. The data collected was presented and analyzed using tables, frequencies and percentages. The major findings showed that the teachers‟ perceptions about PIASCY in primary schools are; some teachers censor PIASCY messages, PIASCY has successfully contributed to a stigma-free school environment, but inadequately addresses the needs of those who are HIV-infected, Some teachers promote condom use as a PIASCY message, Child-centric, interactive PIASCY activities are regarded by most teachers and pupils as having the strongest impact, Textual PIASCY materials are regarded by most pupils and teachers as having the least impact and Guidance and counselling procedures under PIASCY need to be better understood and standardized. The pupils‟ perceptions are that structures are needed to ensure consistent implementation and longevity of the PIASCY programme in schools, the role of communities in the PIASCY design is not well understood, Private schools do not function seamlessly within PIASCY‟s organizational structure, lack of monetary compensation. It was noted that PIASCY has; encouraged openness amongst teachers and students and equipped youngsters to confront HIV and AIDS through sex education , reduced on the rate of spread of HIV/AIDS in primary schools, led to Putting up talking‟ compounds in schools, holding of PIASCY assemblies. The researcher recommended that: there is need to address the language barriers posed by PIASCY reading materials by having teachers read PIASCY texts aloud to pupils; there is need to establish a formal hand-over process for PIASCY-trained teachers that are being transferred and there is need to continue to build the capacity of teachers to seamlessly mainstream PIASCY across the curriculum through periodic refresher training.

This study was carried out in Malangala Sub-County, Mityana District and the major purpose for the study was to assess the management of reading skills in lower primary classes in Malangala sub-county, Mityana district. The objectives of the study were to; establish the effort the schools have put in place to promote reading skills, find out the level of teacher competences in reading skills, and find out the challenges teachers face in teaching reading skills in primary schools. A cross section research design was used because it gathers information from various respondents and correlates the findings. Teachers and pupils who participated in the study were chosen using simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers and head teachers while interview guides were used to collect data from the pupils who took part in the study. The major findings of the study revealed that all efforts schools have put in place to promote reading skills are as follows, poor sewage and refuse disposal inadequate school health programmes, low knowledge and practices of the pupils towards sanitation in the school, poor attitude towards environmental sanitation, poor water and sanitary facilities and rapid increase in school enrolment. The level of teacher competences in reading skills include:- low enactment of school health policy and school health guidelines, corruption contributes to the failure to enforce laws meant to protect water sources from encroachment and pollution, insufficient monitoring and supervision at the national level and poor water supply by the government is one of sanitation that interfere with academic persistence of pupils in primary schools. The findings also showed that challenges teachers face in teaching reading skills in primary schools include:- adequate provision of water supply, sanitation, hygiene and waste management in schools has a number of positive effects, managing the various and interdependent aspects of water, sanitation and hygiene at the local level requires effective coordination of local stakeholders, assessment and planning and phased improvements. The study recommended that there is need to develop sanitation programs, School administrations need to prioritize the aspect of sanitation and hygiene and Proper planning for the schools‟ carrying capacity needs to be considered.