Crop improvement through crossbreeding relies on the generation of new hybrids from seeds. Therefore, seed set and seed germination are key determining factors for a successful breeding program. In banana breeding, both seed set and seed germination are low, especially in triploid and tetraploid bananas. To improve germination, embryos are extracted from seeds and cultured in vitro. Seed set is determined by the quantity and viability of pollen for the male parents, or male fertility, and by the receptibility of the female for the pollen, or female fertility. In this study, we tested the male fertility in terms of pollen quantity and viability of the main diploid genotypes (Calcutta 4, Malaccensis 250, TMB2x 7197-2, SH 3217, 10969S-1, Opp Zebrina, cv. Rose, TMB2x 5265-1, SH 3362, TMB2x 8075-7, Kokopo and TMB2x 9128-3) used as male donors of resistance to pest and disease resistance in banana breeding. Pollen quantity was determined by digital imaging and subsequent image analysis of pollen grains using imageJ software. Pollen viability was tested by soaking the pollens in 2,3,5- triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain followed by counting the stained pollen. We also investigated the optimal soaking time by soaking seeds in water for 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 days. The study utilized seeds obtained from 4x – 2x (1438K-1 – ITC0250 - malaccensis and 1201K-1 – 7197-2) and 2x – 2x (selfed ITC0249 - Calcutta 4 and selfed ITC1348 - Pisang Serun 404) crosses. The effect of hormones on the germination of banana embryos was also determined using 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Gibberellic acid (GA3) in vitro. Embryos were extracted and cultured on Murashige and Skoog media with 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0mg/l concentrations of BAP and GA3. The results indicated highly significant (p<0.001) difference among the genotypes for both pollen quantity and viability. Genotype and month interaction significantly (p<0.001) influenced both pollen quantity and viability. The pollen mean quantity was generally high in all genotypes xi ranging from 2588 to 28252 pollen grains per three anthers of a plant. The month influenced pollen quantity in SH 3217 and cv. Rose. Pollen viability (mean percentage) ranged from 42.69 to 99.67%. The genotypes less affected in terms of pollen viability were Calcutta 4, cv Rose, Kokopo, Opp Zebrina, SH 3362 and TMB2x 7197-2. Soaking seeds for 3 days significantly increased embryo germination success by 16.2% than in other tests. The addition of BAP and GA3 hormones into culture medium did not improve embryo growth but positively affected growth parameters in all genotypes. In conclusion, the observed differential responses in pollen quantity and viability for individual genotypes could be attributed to changes in physiological processes in order to cope with the constant fluctuations in the prevailing environmental conditions a term called genotypes by environment interactions. To improve banana embryo germination, the seeds should be soaked for 3 days before embryo extraction, and 1mg/l of BAP should be added to the embryo germination medium, not to improve germination, but to improve the growth of the plantlets after germination. Keyword: Bananas, embryos germination, growth hormones, MS medium Pollen quantity, pollen viability, seed dormancy, soaking

The Quality of medical care in hospitals needs a lot of efforts to be improved; today these efforts are mainly focusing on increasing the practice of evidence-based medicine through the use of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). Proper use of clinical information is especially important in an effort to make sound clinical decisions and provide quality health services. The purpose of this project was to develop the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS), A web application to be used by medical workers to assist them in carrying out evidence based clinical decisions in hospitals. This will be used by hospitals to assist them during all phases of clinical decision. The app will be accessed via a web browser with internet connection. Qualitative data collection techniques were used to gather information using questionnaires and interviews that were issued to a population sample size of 3 medical centers around central Kampala. The findings revealed that there is need for clinical decision support system in the hospitals. The findings also revealed the system requirements such patient data management and real-time diagnosis which are needed to develop the system. The output of this project is a fully functioning Clinical Decision Support System to be used by the medical workers online. Keywords: Web Application, Clinical Decision Support System, Medical workers, Clinical decision.

Our project is a product tracing system project that traces the flow of a product as it gets from the farmer to the final consumer using the Ethereum blockchain technology and validating the origin of that product. In chapter One of this document contains the Introduction and Background of the subject matter from where all the parts build from. It briefly highlights what product tracing is all about as well as what blockchain technology is all about. It furthermore gives a revelation and insight in the matter summarizing the question why blockchain? as the problem statement into detail defines the scope and the objectives for this project. The scope is subdivided into two parts namely: Geographical scope and the Technical Scope where by the former is the location constraint whereas the latter what the project puts more emphasis on. It also gives the significance of this project. As the journey continues, we go into Chapter Two which is all about the literature review. It is then partitioned into different sections for example: Introduction, the approaches to Track Products, the challenges, the advantages, the differences between blockchain and centralized architecture, the limitations and then a summary of a proposed system. Chapter three gives the methodology used while data was obtained. It goes on to expound on the research methods we used like Surveys and the data collection methods/tools like questionnaires, study of analogous systems and so on.

Financial instability amongst couples in Uganda has precipitated a concrete foundation for marriage instabilities instigated by poor financial management practices and planning amongst relationship partners. This report is directed towards justifying a need for a Couple’s Financial Management system that would help minimize financial instabilities amongst married couples in Uganda through better management technical provisions. Previous studies indicate that marital quality among newlyweds, based on findings received from respondents who have been married for less than 24 months, mentioned that the most dissatisfactory factor for marital satisfaction is financial strain. Furthermore, another study based on cross-sectional data indicated that individual and couple financial etiquettes are considered one of the primary reasons for relationship dissatisfaction and may induce divorce. Inclusive in the study, we made use of two data gathering techniques limiting our geographical scope to the Kampala region using interviews and questionnaires to decompose specific components to enable us to justify the need for the proposed system. We administered interviews using a face-to-face approach with questionnaires being administered both physically and using online means. We made use of online analytic software i.e., Google forms, and statistical measures of mean, mode, and median to find key relations within our data. In favor of the earlier assumed narrative based on previous studies, our findings indicated that financial strain is a major contributing factor to couple instabilities and that 61.2% of the participants supported the need for the proposed Couple Financial management system with 33.7% proposing otherwise. It was further discovered that the development of the proposed system would not only try to minimize financial instabilities but also acquaint users of the system with a much-needed financial grasp to help them better manage their finances. In summary, the Couple Financial Management System was developed comprising a variety of much-needed system features that would aid in minimizing financial strain on couples within today’s current social climate. The system is soon to be used but is subject to additional adjustments to provide better financial capabilities, which would comprise payment capabilities from the developer side, benefits, and better system navigation and financial features from a user-side perspective.

Farmers’ adaptation to climate change is still low and this leaves them vulnerable to hunger and poverty during harsh climatic conditions. This study aimed at increasing adaptation by Agropastoralists in Nabiswera sub-county to climate change and was achieved through the following objectives; 1) determining the farmers’ perception on climate shocks and their effects to Agropastoralists communities in Nabiswera Sub-county, 2) determining the effectiveness of climate change adaptation interventions by the Agro-pastoralists in Nabiswera Sub-county. The study was conducted in Nabiswera sub-county, Nakasongola district using a structured questionnaire on 43 farmers who were purposely selected to include only those that had stayed in the area for over 20 years who could give viable data about the climate change in their communities. The results of the study showed that all farmers (100%) were aware of the changes in the climate and had experienced the effects and hardships associated with these changes. There has been a decrease in the amount of rains received annually, with the most decrease happening in the 1st rainy season between March to May with a percentage of 100% decrease as reported by farmers interviewed in the sub-county. This decrease has been reported to have started happening in the previous two years for example, from late 2020 to early 2022. The dry season temperatures have been observed to increase as reported about by all farmers (100%) as the intensity of wind in the dry season increases where 60.5% farmers reported about this, and it was due to increased drought season that was observed by most households interviewed in the sub-county. The percentage of farmers who have reported the increase in drought frequencies were (90.7%) which was the biggest hindrance to their agricultural production in the area. Some of the major impacts climate change has had on farmers were failure of the annual and perennial crops, low and/or no crop yields at all, outbreak of pests and diseases, termites surge and destruction of both pastures and crops. The analysis showed that the most effective adaptation measures for crops that were used by farmers to overcome harsh climatic conditions were; planting drought resistant crops with the mean rank of 4.75 followed by the early planting with the mean rank of 4.00 and the least effective being shifting from crops to livestock with the mean value of 2.86 whereas the adaptation measures used by the livestock farmers were; stocking rate control with the mean value of 4.05 as the most effective followed by fencing off grazing fields with the mean rank of 3.94 and the least effective measure was planting drought tolerant pastures with mean rank of 2.00. The most effective adaptation measures for soil and water conservation were through the use of fertilizers with the mean rank of 5.00 followed by the use of manures with the mean value of 4.31 and the least effective measure was water harvesting with the mean value of 3.50. Due to less knowledge coverage for the improved and proven climate adaptation measures in the community, famers need to be trained and sensitized on the better approaches to climate adaption measures through their trusted model farmers in cooperation with the government extension workers who are able to train the farmers step by step adaptation procedures until a certain set goal is achieved.

Intercropping is a long-standing crop practice that forms part of smallholder cropping systems in Uganda. Despite knowing some intercrops, farmers in Kapchorwa still widely practice maize monocropping. To popularize maize-based intercropping, the HealthyLAND project introduced intercropping practices of maize-beans, maize-pumpkin, maize-African eggplants, maize-grain amaranth, and maize-lablab through farmer field demonstrations. However, farmers’ perceptions on these intercrops, willingness to adopt the practices, and their potential net benefits to the farmer are not known. This study aimed to determine farmers' perceptions of the different demonstrated practices and establish factors that influence farmers' willingness to adopt them. Random and purposive sampling methods were used to collect data on 108 smallholder farmers to determine perceptions of both farmer field demonstration participants and non-participants using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using STATA and SPSS. Results showed that both demonstration participants and non-participants had similar positive perceptions such as increased maize yield with an intercrop of maize-beans and negative perception of the reduced yield of companion crops. Results of the multivariate probit model showed revealed that participation in the farmer field demonstrations significantly influenced willingness to adopt maize-pumpkin, maize-African eggplants, and maize-lablab. Age of a farmer, farming experience, number of years of schooling, and number of farming fields accessed by a farmer significantly influenced willingness to adopt maize-grain amaranth. The results of the marginal analysis revealed that in the lower altitude area, except maize-lablab, all the other intercropping practices that were demonstrated showed higher economic benefits compared to maize mono-crop. This study, therefore, recommends that extension workers need to demonstrate different intercrops to farmers. Also, farmers’ willingness to adopt less common intercrops can be significantly improved through participating in field demonstrations. Further research can be carried out to establish the actual adoption of the different intercropping practices. Key words: Maize-based intercropping, perceptions, Willingness to adopt, Multivariate probit

In this study, a Immigrant Worker Management System was implemented for the migrant workers of Uganda, to enable them to make complaints electronically. This is because there is inefficiency in management of complaints made by migrant workers of Uganda .The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data was collected using interviews and questionnaire methods and tools like self-administered questionnaires and interview guides, which were used for collecting data from 32 respondents. In objective one, the researcher collected both primary which was analyzed using excel spreadsheets and the user requirements were determined. In objective two, the system was designed using data flow diagrams (DFDs) and enhanced entity relationship diagrams (ERDs). In objective three, the system was developed using technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets, Hypertext Markup Language, JavaScript, react and Mongo Database among others. In objective four, the system was tested and validated. The findings of the study are a great significance to researchers, migrant workers, Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development and recruitment agencies.

The main purpose of this study sought to assess the extent to which records management practices were aiding the effectiveness and efficiency of the Ministry of education and sport s records department or section specifically registry section. The aims and objectives were to establish strategies used to manage records in the Ministry of education and sports records department or section specifically registry section and to explore methods used to preserve and conserve the department’s vital records just to mention a few. It was the assumption of the study that there is a near total collapse of records management systems at the Ministry of education and sports records department and that study was significant because the findings were going to be used by records student who is currently undertaking his records management studies. The researcher used a descriptive research design so as to conduct this research where a single department of the records section was chosen for this study. To gather information the following research tools were used: an observation guide, an interview guide and a questionnaire guide The population of the research comprised of all records Department of the ministry of education and sports staff members of which a sample of ten (10) people were elected through a stratified random sampling procedure. The results indicated that; the department has always appraised and disposed its records ever since its establishment, records had already filled up the strong room which is still accessible and some of the records are staffed in boxes and some piled on the floors. It was recommended that the department adopts a records management policy, train its staff on simple records management standards, adopts a records preservation plan, revive the records office and to appraise and dispose records systematically.

Today’s Electronic Health Organ Donation and Fundraise Tracking systems pose different requirements and challenges in terms of registration, donor-recipient matching, organ removal, organ delivery, and transplantation with legal, clinical, ethical, and technical constraints. There is a huge gap between donors and recipients of organs in Uganda making it difficult for the patients to access the required and needed organs on time. Hence it is against this background that we proposed and developed an Electronic Organ Donation and Fundraise Tracking System to provide convenience in accessing organs by patients from the available donors. The study's findings will enable the tracking of the availability of organs and potential donors and fundraisers in Uganda. Through linking the patients, fundraisers and donors directly thus being able to exchange contact information with each other. The project was designed using Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) for the process model and Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) for the data model. It was implemented using technologies such as; Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) for the interfaces, Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) for styling the interfaces, bootstrap for responsiveness, Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) for connecting the database and the interfaces, and My Structured Query Language (MySQL) for the database. The system has different users with different roles that is; the administrator, the donor and the patient each having their own login sessions and permissions. The developed system was tested and validated with its results indicating that it is sufficient to be a solution for the problem indicated below. The study’s findings enabled the tracking of the availability of organs, potential donors and fundraisers in Uganda. Through linking the patients, fundraisers and donors directly thus being able to exchange contact information with each other. In conclusion, the core reason for the establishment of an Electronic Health Organ Donation and Fundraise Tracking system was to reduce the inefficiency in organ availability, delivery and tracking in Uganda. Therefore, the technologies used supported the core objective of the system of bridging the tracking gap among the various stakeholders.

The main purpose of this research project was conducted in reference to understanding the big problem of counterfeit drugs in the supply chain. A thorough review on literature and other research techniques were used on how counterfeit drugs are being distributed in the market, how they are produced and who disturbs them giving us an understanding of the big problem. A study was to carried out in Kampala throughout the drug supply chain sampling out key players like joint medical stores and national medical stores as one the large-scale wholesalers, CIPLA quality chemicals and MTK chemicals as the two manufacturing companies and some three (3) small-scale wholesalers. A number of research techniques were used in the study such as questionnaires, and planned interviews were used on the selected groups. The collected data was then summarized and the study showed that 100% of the respodents that from manufacturing companies had have a manual system that tracks drug distribution to first line of distribution and the picture on the right showed that from both respodents the system they use is a manual system, secondly 100% that the manufacturers currently are using holograms and graphical images in protecting their brands from counterfeiters. And it was on these findings that we designed a supply chain management system to provide a better monitoring and authentication of the genuine drugs on the Ugandan market.